ĳ򣭣ڸнʴ֣ϣ̣	
֣ϣ̣ĽƷˡգڣ 
޶ȨգڣУתأ 

 

ùڣ˳ףʥ֣ 

 









ٳϣУʮ꣬У࣬ûɣ 

yʵɫ̷Y͸úˬĹʡλƽ 
öĶʮŮ˿ޱؿһϡ 

š 

ҵĺڷ˫ۣͷشꡣݵӣϰԵԵ 
ԵŮ 

ǿ顢ּ顢ǿǷɫվǷɫ¼ 
ż¼YһʵɵԼԴȻѿֹһ 
飬Ȼ޷һλж꼶ѧ 

鷳Ҹղ˵Щ𣿡š 
һ޷㹻ϢŮճ׼ϻǿɡ 
Ѳǵϴ³ӵϣһģꡣ 

ûС 

ʹɬдУʹ׼ 
Ҳеصĸԡû뵽˳ӵþһ㣬鲢ḻ 
Ůһʱ֪Ӧ. ˣȻɴĳϣǾ͸Һ 
˵һľ.  

ǡ 


 


ƽһ죬ÿѧй 

׼ȷʱӦŻֺ󣬸ʹù 
ҡ 

ΪʲֹһȻٽǣѧУŵٹ 
ǧСΪǧУڻ϶ӵӴĴС㡣 
ֻҪԸŮûз 

ܹŮʹùĸǼ£ûYŮ 
Ŷȷʵ紿ݸͷʵУ 
ҷѡȥŨصûбϵ. ܻ 
νŮҲĲԱߡȻڹΧڣ 
ϴëȻɢڷë½ӵߵıǣɫ˿ 
ŵд 

ΪʲҪǿǣ˳ʵԤļƻء 

׾ҵţáƵëϴɜQȥζ׼õ 
ҩˮY. ҩˮãҩͷ˵һѵͻѧҩܵ 
ȻҲƣȻܹЧ 

ȻдǼ̵ĵַõġ 

˹֮󣬺һؼҡҵʲĸ᲻Ȥ 
ļƻ˷ܵ˯ž. оǣ̣ǣͣż 
ڴ 

ڶĵĿγ̣ҲûȤҸɡֱӽ 
. ŻʱҾͿʼǰҡͬȻ 
Уá졯ݡνǧСĽٹС 
ÿ춼Ҫȱߺ󣬲ŶԸ¡ԱһʱͻȻε 
̫ԽˣҲֱڲżŮС㡣 

áãص㡢ص. ˶뿪ԺҶڸ͸ֻ۲ 
ڵΡ 

۲죿ٹСʹ˷ְ񣬲ú̫Բһ 
ˡͷķѰһ¾ҵǧ 
ȤĻŮСԡ 

Ϊʲ᲻µĸӰвʵ̫Σˡ 
ҲһСиϲԪլ˭Ԫ 
أҹŮСҲƵɣʹտʼ 
ͷնԷĻԿĻв߰ɡ 

֮ҾͶڲݴYֻͨȴżƻĿʼ 

ӵȴٹСڳھͷǰѩ׵Ľ紿 
ʹһ幫ĺռһϱĳȣ 
Сѧߵͬȵ趯᣿ 

ٹСĴ󲿷׷ߣǱʱ 
Ȼǲóڸϵģֱ飬зĿȸ㷢 
W 

Ʒ˿̽Ҫǰȥɴеչָҡ 

Ǹеˣ. ѲǵһοٹС壬 
ҵʱ飬ȴ͵׷͵д漯±ֵСѧ 
ɷǳ򵥣ǰ壬Ϊҵߡûһ 

ٹСëϵĺˮδüʧȥ 
ڵϡ֪ԼļƻɹˡӦǣʼˡ 

𣿲Ҫȥбʦ 

ԱԼִδķ޽ģǳ߹ 
µ֪ٹСûʶ߽ҵң 
جΡ 

ǽȥ𣬰׳գ 

ȵĲǼū͵ǧС㣬ڵҲһø 
U׼רҵ˶ѡֵܵҩӰĴС㣬Ȼڶ̶̵ʱ 
Уסóǰ. ˵УУǱ 
޵ĴڡȿҪ׵ȹӣഺ˵壬ȴҪ 
͵УY. ˮַʵ˼Ӧͱֵ 
úÿȹܶŮ㹻أ 

Ǹˡ 

㡢ʲᣬ֣ 

ĺУԺиֵıȻ׳˶ӱ 
ںڰʩĳʵǵڲ. ʵϣҲ 
ĴСɱ¹ơYëֻΪ˱ 
ԼĶĤȺ 

С㣬³ƺǧꡯŶӦˣĶ 
׼ָм 

˾ķɣҪ̬Ϸˣ֡Ȼѡ˽ɫ 
Ҫʵ. YȱزģΪլ֮ҳͽ 
ȻӦ֡ 

ǧꡭ 

߳˵ԹŮСҲûȤһİŮ 
ס 

ΪʲҪ˷ʱ䣿ŮС㻹ԼءY˵ΪҺ 
ռϷʱķϻȷʵ˵ӪȵĻᡣǣ粢 
塭 

ûʲᣬղֻ벻ҪЩС¡ 

˵Сһʱ־йķϻʹõġ 
 

ԣ˵ľǡȻʲ֢ŮСȤĻ 
һٶ˵ڼҵĹ°ɡ 

ҷſ֢׳գ 

ǿӲͬҽӴСĽƺö 
ͬʮģ£ģңãڣţףӣˣָʵתˡ 

ǿҵķȻǡĽһõܺõЧԽ 
飬ԽԽеڴ 

óʲᣡס 

С㾪ȵģǿȨȡõ. ֪ҩѾʹ 
Լһûʲرϲãǰɡ˳㱧Թһ£ͷӸĽҩ 
ĺܳ׼סҲ޷ܿ. ߣ 

Сֱۻ裬ƼҵܽӴ. ף⡭ 

þȫĶ⣬Ŀ֮ǰ١Сָޱˡ 
 

ůŮӵĴǡ֣ҸϲǧȡУ 
ȹ̫ˣѵɡ 

ǰ׳𣡷ҲҪ͸ղһߵļת 
Ϊɡ 

岻ܴԿƣ˫ֲָӵؽ⿪ȹӵ٣ 
Ȳ͵Լ˵˫ȡ 

ĲƬڵϣŮڵչʾߡְҵģ 
ҲòĽʵ޳ȳƣ̤΢ĵϣ¶ȶ΢ 
΢ĽֺΪԸ˿ɰΡ 

ŶǧĴ󵨡 

ƻȵĻڣû뵽С˿ʱڽȣ 
ѡȫڱУΪڶ㱣¿ֻ 
UȻ˳ëǳԼ¶. ᣿ŮС 
̫ˣѵ㲻ΪϸǶһλŮӦеأ 

ðɣԸ 

㡢㵽׶ʲᣡ 

һԲ԰Ůֻ. ҪĴС 
ڸаڷŵĳľϡƱȽѾ̧ 
бҵĴϣڵӵıԵΪ˷㣬С㻹 
ְյֱܹӴYء 

ˡŮСYӦٹСƬΪò 
ڵŮƽܹ᣿ܹҵʱļ 
ɡ 

õġĻִ˿޷Ƴ嶯Ļ档 

 

ҪѧϷYḧһĻ䣬̲ 
Ĵֱδκδ̼Ҳܻ㺣СԴȴԴԴ 
Ļۡ 

ٳϣס֣ 

޷зֻʹòóƶСȲ˵ 
һֹͣǵȼѹԵĵ 
ѡ 

ûҪϷѰµĿѵ˳ӡĴС㰴ڳϡ 
˫ŵǰϷҽΨһֵԺֳ٣ݺݵ 
ͻ̣롣 

㵰ҡҲŹ㡭 

ϤϻİҺ壬û뵽ĵ׺Ȼʹ˾ 
WġֻٵĴ䣬νɯ΢Ц 
Ҳͬĵ 

һˣɯĪ. ĴСģʮ 
ǣҸֱҵ 

òŴӣYѧļɡ˻ȡñūԣ 
ֻҪԼõ㡣 

أÿγĶδ۵ɺ. ȻǸ߸ϵĹ 
ǧ𣬿ҲƽŮһУȴΪ 
Ҵơ 

޷ݵĳӿȫ޹ƵԽáɲľҺ 
罦ڴС㴦Ůۺ֮У֮飬Ҫǵ. 


 


ʵӶ꣬Ҫ˫۹۲ԷǷ˵. 
ľ飬ﷸŬΣ沿ܻ΢ĲЭС 
ǰλڽרʮϳ˳ʱûеõ 
ϢµƣҲûиʵṩκζа 

˫˸񡪡ͬʱ̴֣ࣩ˼άʽУ˼ά 
ת;߲˼άʽĸźӰ죬ȫС 

Ȼúöѵγ̸룬λľګ 
ڵ֪ʶһֱŮס 

˵ﾭʱ̸ֳͨ˲ԵΪʽʵ 
־˵Ϊľ֢ǵ񲡻˼άĲȶԣ 
˵龭ǷֵŻҪĵ顣 

ɵ飬Ӧòֹһɣϸܵ˼׸Ѷ 
ͷ۵ˣȻϣʲŶȵ⣬ٽӦ 
ʱ°ؼˡ 

ǡ 


 


ŮСҪЩʲ᣿𿴵һ΢ؿζƼǿ 
ϻڴеıճͬѧǲû̫. ¼䳣е 
زŮСȤڡ 

ŶŮС㻹ǾҵΪ˹ЩĵҲҪ𣿺ðɣ 
Ϊ˲ֶ飬롣 

ˣȪлȽȤΪŮС㽲ǧС 
հɡ 

ʮ¶ʮգѧУڵĵһ졣Ͼŵ㣬һ 
ֵ൱ڸ׶ʮнˮģͣ٣£ãȡӡڣţУУţ̣ɣ׼ʱͣ 
ſڡΪҴ򿪳ŵλʿݲٹҵͨ˾.  
ڵȴҵȻǧС߹ūٹǧ. ҪΪʲΪūȴ 
ӭˣʵҵķԸǵٹСĴ粻ܵõ 
ĸھӵϿɡʹڶʮһ͵ձ̵ϹŶųԻع 
Ȼ 

ˡ 

Դɬ³壬ŵ 
ķҷ֮СڷϳǶ˾޵Ŀţ 
ľWһĻչʾڶ峿֮СϧǱ׼ 
һмĵݾWְֻҵ΢Цʿ 
ҷ 

𣬳һ·ٹҵרȪʻȥһҾʹ 
ٹΨһнеԸؽС 

ΪʲҪȵȷʵҲһеڣľ 
ҾܸŮСˡ 

ĵ·;ҵ˯жȹ. ҲΪǻѻWŮ 
˭װ˷أúЩƽ壷ޣΪһϰߣ 
̼ҲԭĴ̼ 

ѾСլ˵ҹܱ 
ȹ˯ռݣʱ䵹ǲѡ 

⣬ԳèŮεļλվſڡ 
ˣŮǰᵽҩͷŮСȤȻ 
ϵʽɡ 

˵ݣһȺ·Ͻʶͬã֮ 
κνʲҪ˽أ 

֮ʵһ򵥵Ѽᡣ 

ǰ޻̸ļһǶҵĵֳ㹻׵ĻӭȻ 
ǶԽųֵٹҴСȤ 

δֺֻܴۼŮѰʧഺı 
жĸ߹¶ССȫܹ⡣ο·Ӽӵ 
һҲʹãԳY֮ǵŮҲһ 
մǺεȵʧ̬ 

ҵѡָͣ޵ʧƷļλ򵥽 
. ҺáӦеڣСغȻǳμѺ 
ǡ 

ŮСʲᷴӦ㵣˾㵻ʲأҲǵ 
ʱһǰʱ䶯Ů¼Ϊ᣿ 

Ů΢΢ĺΣһ˿ԥ 
ݷɬ¶ĺӡֻŮ弰ʱָץסֱ 
鷿ֺɫǵҫ 

ʣµͲȤˡһȺʵ˻ƳŮ 
˳ʳ¶ȹƵաȻҵͬ飬ûͬܲ 
ֱɡοǵġԻ͹ȥĵĴ. иʵʩ 
أ 

ʮʮһգȥһ졣 

ܸ÷顣 

һ尮ߵٹС㴩˺ͷİɫΪW 
ʧɰҺ. ԼĴ˼ջ 

ѹǰϢʱȴȻڿ. С׼ 
ϰһµȤ 

Ȼ϶ҵİš 

塢ġһ֣ܾ˶ٴΣĵ 
һ֡ 

֡лҵ飬ǧһͬľѡΪ˱л 
⣬ϣŪǧ壬زҪ 

ŮС㲻ţЩҡССֶѡܵӰٹ 
ǧ꣬ٱԽʽŵĻҾ͵ 
ڽ°ɡ 

ŵıǰٹҵĴСͷϵΪ 
ҪŸ߲£Ϊ˷Ź۶ëչʾɼ 
˫ͷο 

ǧѾ׼ˣͷλ벻Ҫ.  

˵꣬Ů塣ʵʹûҵʾСҲѷ 
λ򶨵Ĵõͻƿڡ 

Ůº᣿ 

ŮķԸè嵱ȻӣοҲڴĺ¡ 

ٹС㱳ڵϵŮſ¡ұΪǳģʽ 
ȴӵοŮԥؽ͵ϵĵط 
. һ䣬вְľջʱδ 
. Ůץסǧ˫ֺ᣿ 

ܵϲèûϡ 

λԽǧСѨأ 

һӦǳĬİӣɫܵõĺô 
æ˳ռŮĽѨ 

λŪǧ塭 

ʱ򻹲жģóΪ׳ˡʣµ˷ֱٹС 
һ˫顣 

λ԰æץסǧллǧΪڽ𣿡 

٣ҲһԽͨ. ѶȣΪ 
ĴСúϸ֫Ͳͬʱªֳ 
ȫУʦҲһƷ. Ϊʲ᲻룿Уʷ 
ʱܸ˼¼ɣ޵ȻΪ˵ִСŮ 
Соұΰ᣿ 

̬ðɣҳԼԸϺһ˴ձ졣ڳļλҲ 
õ㣬ҵĹװɡ˵ŮСùڴ̼ 
ǴŮɣ 

ιιעֹҿԱԱִȨ 

֪еĽ֣ʵûʲرӦѾµļ죬 
ٹҵĴСܺõذĽɫǻѾõӿɽ 
кɜQ. ǰСֵζеܡϴ 
ʮת. 


 


ŮС㣬ûҪÿ鶼֤ɣӦͿĵƵ 
ԡų״ڷ˵¶ס۾Ϸʵݷ 
δһء˸. ľ٣Ҳɣҵ 
㼼ʲ飿 

ְ׳գɴһǹɵˣ 

굺Ҫ嶯 

Ѷҵĵ沣⣬һ׼ǹľ챻ֹͬ 

ٳϽԼʱֺϷϵ̬ 
ǲ. ֹλſֲɱ˷׵ĳ嶯оʹΪ˾ 
˵ͷ̲סվ 

ΪʲҪʵ͸Ķ֪淢飬 
׼Դвǰꡣ 

ŮСָελΪ 

飡 

ˣŪ˺Ȥ𣿵ٹСʲޣҪ 
ֵزŮͶΪŮԵܺʮͬ飬̬Ҳ 
һֱܡ 

ޣ벻ҪۣŮС㡣ٺ˶Է 
˼бؿαϻش 

ֻٹСӦõıӦѡ˰ѧУþ߹Yֱʧ 
šСͯٳϡֽľѣûмɡ 
бѹ·ŹƬ֮顭һ˵޹ 
 

ͶѧУûʲȤֻϿƽĹ꣬ΪʲȴҪ 
ЩСѧ۸ԼϲˡҲҰοĽڡҲ֪ 
ٹСΨҡ࿴ԭ򡣡 

ŶŮĺġ 

ѾǵʲʱĳٴٹСʧȥռ 
ĹھλáʱܶͬѧĴֲ⣬ֻ΢˽ⷽҲ 
סٹѧ߲ʺ˶˵ƵĻҲ֪ 
ᴫٹСĶУȻֹ۸衣Ҳǵõ 
֪֮Цԭ򡣡 

ţľˡνġʲ᣿ 
Ĺ£Y˾Ĵߴʵò˽ 
Ȥ 

֪ 

˵ 

ĻԵеĪҪжѾϣʹ˵ 
Ҳ޷ע. õҲûӡͻȻ 
Y. һ㶼еͻأݷԼļ䱻һءվ 
ʵûֹ 

ƴЧǷʽȫͬԶԱӰ´ 
ָǿٹСʱĿ񾭣֮޸ļͳʶҲ 
ܹװ쵽ӦǶԷ屻Լȡĸо. ʵ۾ 
˵š 

ƺˣ˵ӵľԵλ˵һ 
жǶԵģһжᾡ쵽ʹɱҲܺԥִС 
ȻҲ᷽㡣ҪӰԷһʮҪ 
Ժˮ᣿ 

ʵǱĻصݹԼıӡ 

лл. ɹʩӵԷϵΨһԷ 
ص㣬ȷܹȫȴһʱ. ˵ᵽ 
οʼҪʮӡҲΪʲٹСʹҩ󣬻Ҫ 
鷳󲢵ȴѵԭͣ𣿡 

ǣˡ 

ǺǺǣ 

ҹĻ¼žľ֣ŮѶͬľżţֻ 
Цص 