ŮӸ

ߣʹߡ


һ

ʮഺֻȫŮѧУȹ͸ˣǰɣ

Եÿ˶ĵͷȻû˵Ȼͬ
˵

һкûУʲôʱԾֻЩˣʦʱ
ǣ̫ƽˣ˵ǶѾǴˣԲԣ

Եһεͷš

̫ˣʲôʱſϷǳȥ磬ǲҪ
ԼԺֵܿģԲԣ

ΣŮԵĵͷݏΨһֻ˵
ʱ󲻶ϱʾͬ⡣

ҡͷȻӰóεţһڣ
ŬŲԼǺоܿᣬΣ
ҪֵĺܿᣬҲЩŮŻߣҶΪ
ϣһͷںڵĳôġһ
Էͦ鷿ϣܳΪУ԰Ů

ҡҡͷϨϵ̣˼ѾееŻˣ
ôҾ̶̣ܳԵúŮ
ͬȻøɢˡ

Ů뿪׼صңߵſڵʱ
ͻȻ˿ֱӴǰǸŮһ
ϣҲˣȻվ

˭ɵģĺţӦҪĻ
ĸоֻ˵̫ڣҶ˵Ǹʦ
ղűײڵϵС֮⣬˶Χߣ׳
Լһ

Ƽ˽е㲻ı飬ĳ̶ȶԣƼ
Ķ֣ǿĲͬƼڰϵĳɼ൱죬˶Ҳ
еĳɼУƼźܽĹͭɫƤ
е԰׵İ𪣬ʵĲͬǣһֱƼǶ֣
ƼֻǸɵĻŮѡ

Ϊʲôôţֲбǽڣһֻ
һͱ˵ӡ

Ƽûлشߵ˱ײСߣȻŻͷеӵ


㣬ʦ˵ϴּɡ

û˵ڳ̰ɣţʵеϣԼץ
ôͿֶֹͣĵΪˡ

ȻûУȥɣû֮ǰƼ˵š

ม˵ţŮӣ˵ţ
̫̫ˣҺมЦһУҿһֻ
ܣһࡣ

ʦᣬһܺõʦ
мתת飬ûдȰȥѾ
̫ˡ

Ҫʲô˵š

һС򵽱ҡƼ˵ţȻСվ߳ϴ
䣬Ů˵Щʲôֻ˵
ģȻŮһص˽ҡ



ƼСһ򱣽ңһҲѵֻԺϷ
̿ΣʦҲƼǸʦϲĺѧûǹ
鷳ѧУ˶ϺŻжܳͷѧҲϲ
ÿ˶УʱҲԺܿ£ԴҶ֪
Ҫȵĵ׵Ķ࣬ʱ൱

Ƽţָߣһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ܽͣ
ΪսزеܷգǶԺܲ㣬رʱ
򣬵Ҳͷһ֡صĸܡ

ְǸ⽻٣̩ˣɲ̩ͨ
ҪеĶ࣬Ϊ̳һʺܿɹ۵ŲƼ˵
ǴһЩµĽףҲֻ֪֮õ
ܶŲ

Сһ㣬Ƽʮˣɳû֪
ԼҲ֪ҲѾڡ

ԼǼǰһΣͷڲμѧУļᣬ
ʲôҲûһҲΣÿ˶ע⵽ˣУ
ҲУ뿪ȥ·ֻվصң
Ůһõķ䣬Ȼ֣ڷ
֮󣬾˹ĴƼڵӰ￴
ֻûŮģǸеȻ
ʱ˹

ѹԼһֻڸԼͷȻ䣬
ͷȴеţһֻ桭һŮ
˹˵ƼĽƼֻ˵һΣʵǲ
ǶΡǡܰġʱƼʱеһ
Ŀ飬ȻͻὫԼ˽Ĳλ֪ԼΪ
ʲôֻ֪Լָо

ڲûָоСǰţŲѪεϵƷ
ϵƷһɫȹӣɫĳһɫıģ
һҪǽĴ䣬Сˣ·ϻ
մѪͷΣȻڵ˱ҡ

ҵĻʿһλܿɰС㣬ҽѧԺʵϰѧ
˵ʲô飬ƼߵʱԵĺ죬ôܻ
ƼôõѧţƼһ޹ģ΢
С˿֮ƼȻ뿪ȥ׼һЩ

ƼСڱƼһϸĿСͻȻ
ԼǰȻûעߴʮ֣һͷ
ֱƼţѧУеŮߣΪʲôҪվı
أ

һ˫о൱ͣһϸüëϺмɵ
ŵױµٸӵˣͷһմѪɴ
Ҳ޷òƼһֱֱСתͷ
ͻȻĿţȻһƿĿ⣬Ĭһ£ͻȻһ
˵ţ

Բҡ

㲻õǸҡ

һͣ˿˴ˣƿĿ⣬Ȼ󿩿Цš

ĺܶԲҿײ㡣Ƽ˵š

ûϵС˵ţҲǹģ֪ڲ
档

ʵ֪Ƽ˵ţǵ

มƼͻȻʶô˵˵ǹҪײСġ

รǵģ˳ҲûҪײκˣֻҪ
һ㿪šԼоһ㡭
Բ𡭡

ûϵС˵ţ΢Цţǲԡ

ǶԱ˴Цţһʱ䣬Ƽֿ˿ڡ

ţ˵һЩ£ϣ㲻Ҫ

һ˵֮ǰô˵ġС˵ţ
ĿƼ

֪ĺ㡭ΪʲôҪһҵ
˼ǣЩعػ͵͵飬̺Ǹζ
ÿʦҪҡҪҡȥ̸飡ֻ֪
ôߣƼҧ촽Сűĵطʼ磬
һʱŻش

ҾϲΪҵѡ

รˡƼ˵ţûоϣ
Եֹˡ

Ҳ֪һЩطҺϲƼ˵һ
Щطе弸

ʲô˼ţѹסȼĻ档

ô˵ҿ춼֪ÿͷƮ
ģЦҲ֪Ǹо֡

СƼ۾ı൱棬Ƽϵһֿ
ʼţһĪ롭Լ壬ҪĦԼ
С˽ܵĲλһƼŬѹԼ
Сν֡ĸо

С򣬵㿴

ˣŮǣʿС˽ǵĶԻȻ
İС˿ڡ

ͿˣС򣬡˵ţһݵĻҶҪ
ϢɱģܿͻõģֻҪ㲻Ҫͷȥײ
ͺãСŻʿȻееͷΣร㲻
̫ģʿ˵ţֻΪղײԭӦúܿͻ
ģˣǿ뿪һ߳ȥıܿ˶Է
Ŀ⣬Ȼʿסǡ

һ£ŮǣÿҲֻʣʮˣҿСӦȥ
£Ƽ԰ʿգգۣܸԼΪ
εİףǰûؽһǽ͵ġЦЦ
Ȼǵƨ˵ǿˣŮ˿˴ˣﶼŸ
ĵһ飬û뵽ԷҲһ뷨

СȥʿСһֱǣֱʧȾ
ͷתǣ찡ЩŮ̫ǷˣţȻ
Լñ˷Ļݹһ᲻ģ
ߵŮôţЩڼѧУŮһδ
£ϣԼԴЩഺڵŮȥİ

ţܼԦЩŮֻ֪ܻ
ѣģֻ͵͵ǵβǼװĴǵ
鷿

СƼصңҲͬŮͬסһ䷿䣬
һ⼸ҲǡĳԱһ·һ仰Ҳû
˵˶ŶԷʲôƼСûпļӿ첽
һֻ֪˵ЩʲôԼҲһĸо

ҸˡƼ˵ţȻߡ

㲻뿪СܿĻش𣬡ֻҪģ̫
ģȻǿһ¿ε󼸷ǰصҡѵ˱ģ
һ˲䣬Ƽ˲¶Ķ꣬ǿϸ˺
ȥСѵ֮󣬷ԼĳҲմѪ

ร찡Ҳû

รƼ˵ţȻѪȣȵ
ȥһ¡վ

ҪС˳е㲻ҪĴܿĿȻС
˵ţֻǻѣò˼ӵġת⿪
ťۣóӼϻƼ޷ԼĶС¶ı
Ҫ

ƼԼ֣еһɻð˳ɻ
ȻΪСģͻȻע⵽СӾ￴Ȼ
䵽˵ת˫ֱסز

Сɫ˿֣һѧ൱Ĵ󵨣˫ֻ
ţȻڲסزлƼƼԼ
޷еĻȵ̱ˣ񱻰סһ
е˫֮ĳʪţһֿĸо˶˫ȥѹ
ָоڵĻֻҡ

СֻǿƼƼƺҲţͻȻҲС
кһĸоСķ֣Сزʮֵķ
͸Ǽɫ֣ƼҲԿڶͷƺѳ
ġ

ƼеԼͷҲӲҸо൱ҪĦԼ
زСҲкһҪվȥͻȻ
СŴ۾ȻƼҲȴ˽ŲŮ
һתͷžͱ˿ȻĻ˽

ͣ˵һĻĿǣ
ѰţæļסԼ

ǡѰĻʲô

Ƽ˿СȻվղȼյĸоѾ
ȫʧˣ˫ȼȻģȻѾй̵ĸоˡ

Сﻻ·ΪղƷմѪź
ŵ˵ţȫ²ղžĸоȻһŭ
ı飬ƺͬĻ

ʿղŶ˵ΪһͷΣҪһ
ƼŸղŻʿ˵Ļûʲô˵ѵľ飬
һܺõɡ

֮νҡҡͷƼҪ뿪ˣͻȻһ
뱨ĸо

˵ţղÿôЦţһ
еΪǹ̿ˣȴһС
ʱ

ʵϣЦŻشţȤġ

𣿡ƼƵš

İ˵ţǿ¼Ӱһ߱
ݵĴӡ

𣿡ƼţԼĹȫûлжԷ

ǰƼʧģЦţĺȤ
ֻҪһʲôģһ˵ǰΰΣҪ˯ţȻ
Կˣ̫ˡ

ʲôƼΪȻ˵ţֻҪһΰΣͿ
˯ţȻǣ

ģС򴩺·һ˵ţ˶Ҹ
ĸȥʥڴȥ㣬ǸڹһЩˣ֪
óʲôҪרĵĿţǾͺʲôˣ
ΪԼĶﻹкܶȤĶ˵ʱĳЦ
ţ÷｣ŵջ˲١

㿴˵ţĿƼ˵İɣ㻹Ǹ
뿪ȥǸ˼˰ĺѧɡ

еŮЦƼóˣһ뱨
ǸŮͱ׵ķˣתŮĳЦ߳ǵ
ңȫпСǵĿ

ƼȥͣԼʮӺЩŮҲˣǹĸ
ǶĳЦƼֻһܲ˵뿪ˣ
뿪ǰСĶ˵ţ

СٸһЩйش顣



ڶ

Ƽ첽ѧȥʱ䣬ŮǶ
ţԹΪʲôҪô𴲣Ƽһر˶
磬ʮգϣżڵ

Ȼˣյüɫŷ⣬涼Ҫſ
Ƽ΢ЦţŷϵƱ尢Ǵ̩ģ
ĸۼģ̨ͬǼġ

͵ѧУżǰռ˵źõģƼĿҲ
żλøպԱߣܾżȻ֪࣬
ĸĸÿ춼дţҲ
дţдԼʮҮ֡ţȻߵԼ
λϣŮʦǹ

Ӻ˽ϴһİУ
̨˵ȻƼԱߣյţ
Ů񿴲ԷһȻʼż

รҿţְָǧԪ֧ƱЬӣ
ðְ֣ƼһԾúܳζеһļֵ
ϲˣֲżչʾŸʽ
Ƽܲˡ

㵽Ϊʲôյ

ûеӵĿ

ΪʲôƼװź˵ţǰҵ͸
ģΪʲôôףգЩرķʽ𣿻дһƪر
ģȻڵ٩ƼȴԾ

ʲô˼

ǽ죬װģ˵ţȻķ
Щ̫絽ˣյġ

˵գƼ졣

ǣҵջʮ졣ԼĻشĬ
ڴŴҵЦǲûУֻһͶʮŮ͵͵Ц
ţ

࣬ңʲôЦģ

ͷȻһԵŮ˵ţҼǵÿʮ˾ͻᷢ
顣

ʲô飿ţǡ˵Щ
ʲô

˵Ƽ˵ţͬһա



յĩ֪ͨУϲʱ
ǶѧУõѧԭյ׵Ǯ˵ĺܣǵһÿ
Ƽʱֲ

ƼʲôҲ죬ֻҪûͺˣ
ߵ΢Цţװû飬ȴӵĺܣû
бһȻûкùӲĺ
ȻʱĻ̶ܴ

ƼúܲͻȻ䣬Լù¶ΪѧУɼõѧ
ŮŵĶӳƺܻӭû˿¶£û
һεˣ˵ûκѣʵϣÿŮ
ϲ̸Ҫһεģ
ָоѣֹµĸоϵӿ

ʦĿΣ׼˵Ӻ¼ӰŮǶܸ˿Զ
ɵһڿΣƼȴԼϴδĴӶ

ͬѧǣˡʦСᣬһ
СŮˣһͷëʵʮ꣬
ëУִǸ۾èͷӥĺ
塣

źصĽӣû۾ϹһʹǴ۾
·ʱҲСĵǸģʵںֻжʮ꣬
ΣǸܺõʦֻйѧķϣҲǻ
ѧܶĽ飬ҺΪѧ룬Ϊѧһıֺ
ôÿݵһþӦøһ㡣

³ʱǿһǰΡ̨¿ʼ
üŮ˽ţƼúܰգûп¼Ӱ
֪ЩŮڴʲô

ĲݣҵǴһһϴ
ѾʦվԱߣ΢Цţ˲٣
ƼͻȻãǼ͸˵ëº۾µʦʵҲǺܿɰģ
ֻҪԶЦһ㣬Ҷֵᷢġ

ƼҲÿγĸȤͼ
ǲܵģƼ͵͵עǹڴ
飬ƼúܿЦڷı鲻ֻǺ棬Ǽ
Եġ

ʦʼŴӣͬѧķӦӦ÷ǳȤƼһ
ҲȤֻһֱע׶ʲôôȤȫ
ûЦһֱөĻĳ䣬Ѱʲô˭

ƼҲתͷөĻʱͷɨ˹ڣͻȻƼϳһ
ˣСڿĸ˵м䣬ûע
⵽ΪͷֻڴŹڵʱɨ˼ӣȷʵ
ĺͦƽɢӲ̫һҺ˫ۣͷ
ֻص̨кܶԸߣСղŵһ

ʦ̨ϵվʱͷһǶȣڽ
ڣƼĿһ˺ҪվƼǷǳȷ
Ǹ˺С򣬽ŴʦҪ̨ϵ£̨ϵ
ǸСҲһ

ȻʦԹ˵һҪЩԸЩʲôݣƼת
ͷ˿λϣϴеаЦݣѾ
ڴĶһ

ӰƬƼĺģһֱΪʲôֱ飿
ϯеСٱͻȻƼ
ָеһ£ϣܳΪǸˡ



Ƽһ綼Ļл㱵ģȷһΪС
бˣС˵ĸĸȥҲ
Żȥߵģʲô

Ƽڳ͵ʱߺܶˣûкκ˵һ
ֱòȡʲôжһ£ٿһǸӣ
ȥȷǸǲС򣬻ûվûбߣ
ʲôҲȷƺӴȷʲôҳ

磬Ƽƻȥ˶̿·ϰңŮ
ѧУŮΨһԵ˶ǸѧΪѧУ󲿷ֵѧ
ûʲô˶ݣΪУҪ󣬴ҶѧԱƼ
ıָ죬ΪСѧһ

ƼĶǣǺһᡢܽʵɰŮǵ
¶ΪˮʪԵе͸ź̵ܶĽ㣬ƼͻȻ
һֺصĸоһΣԼҲǸͬ

ϰʱΪ˾һƼͶײһĶѵָ
ѹβƼеһ

Ϊ꣬ϰݲݵĽˣƼһ˴ţúÿ飬
˽ָоͬҲȷʵŮšǺͬ
һԼǰµˣһЩŮͬ飬
ûԼҲ˽ԼЩĸо
û˿԰

ҪȥСȻ󡭡ôõ
߱˵ģУҪκ֪Ҫκˣ
ʹĸĸҲһʲôҲܰƼۿʪ
޷Լţе׵壬ͻȻ洫


Ƽ𣿡ʦϸϸ˽û°ɣ

ƼվϽˮ߹ȥţʦվǰ
ǴǼë

Ƽôˣʲô飿

ƼҪ΢ЦˮֲĸΪ
ϰֹˣʦ΢ЦţĴļ

ƼҲΪΪһεϰ޵ôģң
ʲô飿ʦĻش𣬵Ƽһֱû˵֪
ҺԶҪˣҲ֪˵һЩֵܹĻ
зڿһֱԵò̫רġʦ˵ţƼû
ȥԺﲻϷתţ¼Ӱ֪˴
СķôһҲԣ

ôһͿûзյСʲôоӰƬеĴʦ
ǲ˵ʲôǸСô

Ƽᣬֹסˮʦ΢ЦҲ
΢Цţʦ֪Ѿָˣߡ

Ƽҵķ䣬ǺúһġƼЦЦʾͬ⡣

ҹһжõġ



Ƽʦķ䣬ﲢһ˫˴һ칫
ӣһЩعһ³ǽһЩӰƬ
úܼͥϺ϶ѧĿûۺõ·Ҳ
лϲĿȱ

ң治˼ʦǸţֻҪҲ
λȻƼһڣԸ
ķ𣿡

ûʲôƼ˵ţ̫ˣȻ
ʵƼҲĵԭ֮һʦͷȻο
֡

һôǺѵģررӣֻ
˼ͣһ£˵ôҪҪҺȵƣǰ
ûʲôҪɣ

Ƽ죬ʦżѧķǺƾ
ѧУǱֹģͺͳһƼҲӦ
Ҫõʲô

õģʦԵĻʦ΢Цվߵع
óһѾƺӣ˾Ƶ˱ӣһԼţһ
ݸƼ

ɱ˵ţףһǰĿ֣Ƽ

Ƽ΢Цţʦıӡ

ллʦ˵š

Ƽʦ˵ţͺãΪ
ѵĻ

Ƽ΢ЦţһСھƣеůڣȴһɴ̿ڵ
ζƼʵȾƣҲûȹƣӦģ
ֺһڣΪǱֹΪӵҪսǾô
ţֱƼй¼Ӱ顣

ʦ˵ţһ漴ͣ
Բ𡭡䡭ҶԽϿĴӸеܺ棬ϴδǰ
Σ֪ɲɰ¼ӰҡǸܺɣһҲ
͸¶Ƽ뿴ԭ򣬵ȴĿ֪Ƽ
ͼʲô

ðڻشţ뿴ĻȻԡҪ
￴ϢǱû¼ӰƼȻûôȥ
ӣҪһ˿а취һŪӺ¼Ӱ
ʵ

ңƼΪʲôҪӡ

ǸҪ˵һЩɣҿЩ
ЩܺôߵġӦûԣȻź
ɵҲ֪ĿģƼͻȻôţȻ
ֿ˵ţ

˽˵ţõķȥ
ƼֵĿ䣬ʲô˼Ȼ˵ţҪ˽
߸ӵļɵĻӦҪԼԿ

Ƽе죬ʦ˼˵ô俴ɻ
飬վƿȻƼ۾˵ţ

ҵȻҪȥ߱ˣõķҴ㣬Ȼ
ô쵽ģԼȥѧϰ

Ƽ˵Ŵߣ̨ϵҲȫϷ
Ҳ˵ǸСҲ̨ϵһˣ˵ⲻ
ƭ˵ģƼǣΪʲôҪҲ
ġصĿģôأ

õģһʱ˵ţ㡭Ҵߣ
䡣

̫ˣƼıĺҪ
ƼƼԥǵ侲¶º͵΢ЦƼ
ĵɢˡ

ʲôʱ򣿡Ƽţϣмݵʱٿһ¡

ڰɣӦûʲôɣҲպûй

Ƽҧҧ촽鷢չ̫ˣѾ޷ˣ
ҲϣԼѧߡ

ð˵ţɡ





һһǰҪ㿴šʦ侲һ
ƽеʵĸо˵ţ

רĵĿʱһ˵˳ĻҾͻ
״̬ǵе飬ҽ֮ǵеĹ
̡

佫ƵƼǰȻԼôôͱ˵
ˣʦ˴Ȼеĵƣֻһյ̨ƣ
ţůƼȴе㷢Ŷ֪Żᷢʲô£
Դߵľ

ҵһζߣǴѧʱһС˵ģشţҶ
ед൱ĺ棬Ȼҿʼоߣҿ˺ܶ飬Ȼһ
顣˵ţ۾Զ

Ǹ˭Ƽš

มûʲôֻǸѡƺе죬ƼҲû׷
ȥ

֮ҿ˺ܶ飬˺ܶ˴֮ѾԺ
һ˽״̬Ҫķ˵꣬Ȼת߽
ԡңƼ·ҪƼţȻ
˳صƼš

Ǽëͽ۾ˣȡ֮һص
˯£һƤƵȹױת̫쳣ˣƼǰ
һŶ˵ŮˣƽǸηġֻᴩëµʦȫ
ͬʺĿںϵķ۵Ǵ覣ƼĿ
ΪʲôҪӣ˵ˣƽ˳
һ֡ǰͬа

һҪĳˣҪȫע⣬Ҫһ
ȫסĿ⣬ԼǱʶеĴʦһƼ
ûʦʲôӣ˵úܿЦҪ
ʦģҲʦڵģȥ̫Զ

Ҫע⵽㣬ֻ㣬صƹ⣬⾵ӻ
֣κλעĶ÷ůһ㣬ӵƽ
ɡƼǵõһ;رůҲע⵽
ûκξӻ죬һŮ˵ǺֵģһΣƼ
еʦҲͼģȻּ˵ţ

ԵĻߵҲҪľһ㣬ԼԺú÷ɣ
òҪڼ˶ս󣬱ߵʶ㣬㣬õ
״ǣƽͱ㣬ԱϰһҪñߵ˺
ſҪעĶҪô߳ɹҪȥǿ
ʲôҪǱʶȥ޷ǿκ
״ֻ̬־£Ǻ׵ģֻҪ
һUʱ򡣡

Ƽ˶ӦǺɵˣȴԸԼĸ
һ㣬ڷţʦģ̸Ŵߣе
£Ȼֳʦ˵ĻԱϰ壿ǲ
ѧʦһƼԼ뵱ߵĶ󣬵ǵ
˵Щʲôʱʦּ˵ţ

еĶ׼õʱͿԿʼˡʦŲŲ
壬Ƽһ㣬ΨһĵƹһǶȣûյ
Ƽ۾ǵʦ⿪ָʽĹâֱ
˫ۣ佫Ƽǰ۾һĵطȻ
յ

ʯƼרĵƼһ
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ƼߣΪʯĽǶеߣƼűʯࡣ

ƼʯֻҪרĵĿҵ
еԼȫķɣҵеƽƼһҲƽ
ԼܷɣȻּ˵ţ

еԼűʯרĵĿԼ˽ȥ
оɳţռеߡ˫ۣҪգۡ
ƤҪֻҪűʯҵҵ
úƽܷɡϲҵҵо
ܺãűʯѡеƤء
ʯռеߡı۾ƼգգۣȻ
˫ۡ

ܺãƼķǳã㿪ʼҵֻҵ
ҵ÷ǳİҵҪ
ҵů㣬ֻҪҵҵ
ͣȻ촽Ȼָ
Լͷú˷ܣרһ㣬ҪƼ
Ĵߡ

ܺãƼԼƮϵůĿУ
ҵķɣеů
ķնԶȥˣеı˶ʧˣҵϸҵÿһ
仰Լ飬ҵÿһָʾ˽𣿡

˽⡣Ƽŵ˵ţӲָоеᷳ
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ܿͻ˰ҪƼĴߣƼȫ
ơ

˺Ĵ״̬ƼֻҸ飬ֻܷ
ҵָʾеԼŵݣ½½Ҳ
Լ˸Ĵߣıҿţıţ
ʾ֡ʮʮšʮˡ

ʮߡʮƼš

֣ĵĽԼң㷢޷˼
ֻܷҵ

ʮһʮ

ʵҪ飬ԥķҵֻ
㣬ֻҵָʾҪʱ
뿪

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ᷢԼȥ㷢е֪ʧˣ
ԼһůڰĵطΨһܸоֻҵ

ʮšˡߡ塭ġһ
Ƽͣ俴µеһ˷ܣе
ƼȻһֱһƽûģƼҲѾ
׼ˡ

ҵģƼ״̬ʱˣ
ңֻ˵뿴ҵ𣿡Ż״̬
ǰĽ״̬㲻
καߵļ䣬ʱȫʵĻشң
ҵָʾ𣿡

ǵģˡеԼҪ߳ˣԴ굽ѧУ
ѾʮŮˣߵľƼŮ
ŵرǴ˶Ͷ̿㣬ﱻߵģһֱû
лû뵽ķ䲢ߵ飬ڵ
ǰ䶼Ժúõ

ƼŮ𣿡

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Ƽеһ

Ƽ𣿡

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ȻûκϹ

ƼԶҪԵĽǶȥˣֻŮ
˿ֹֻԼ֪Լ
ͬ㲻ֳҲκˣʹ֪һͬ
ŮҲϲ㣬ֻܺ㽫һֱźֻ
ʵʱң˵㲻ҹңУ㵽ҵ
󣬿ҺһŮһ̽״̬ȴҵָʾ
˽𣿡

ǵģˡ

ȫ𣿡

ǵģˡ

ſ۾Ǽڴ״̬˵ʱûȥ
ˡᴩ·Ȼ뿪ȥ㱾Ҫ£뿪
뿪״̬ÿһ㶼һ㣬ʮͻȫ
ѹƼ˫۵ȫûб飬ģе
˷ܡ

Ƽе㴭˵ʼ֮վߵ
ߣȻῪʼ貢ȥ·ʱһḧ㲢
㣬ӦҵÿҵĴе˼ĿУ
˵ʱſֹͣһУ˽𣿡

ǵģˡ

ʼ

ƼһվȻߵ˴ߣ˴ϿƼ
վһ£ƺŸô裬ȻʼԼ˫ȣ
Ǽ̵˶£ƼĴԭѾ¶⡣

ƼĵӰȻû
Ӧ֪ôŤƨɣȻԼƨɶ
䣬伸ѹֲסˣѵºȹӣָԼ
Ƽ˿ӣ¶ʵڿ㣬һɫڿ㣬
кɫͷۺɫͼøʥڸ

һ㣡š

ƼתȥȻƵڴϣղŸ
̫һѾ˲ˣƼѹϣȻ
ֺڿһ׵ģƺеС

ҲȲˣͷƼ鹵쵽Ƽ
æ⿪ֵĿӣ⿪ֺƼҲ⿪
֣俴Ƽۺɫ۵⣬鲻Խ˱ͷ
ԵĸܵƼ˷ܵţȻҲƼ˱
ͷ

ָо̫ˣƼ˱ŪͷȻƼ
ڿܿģƼҲɫĶֿС

ѨŪˣƼҲͬôţ
Ķ죬ûжãеһɵܹ壬˱
ƼͷصѹԼƼõ˸߳˳һ
Ϯĸֲ߳ͣĶȴƼ

亰ţȻƼźЩԸͣ

ƼҪκζȻƼ۾ɵ˴ϣ
廹Ϊ˷ܶ΢΢ţ΢ЦţƼѾʪ͸ڿ㣬Ȼ
ƿ˫ȣ͵

Ƽ˱鴤壬Ŀڼָܿľ
ˣеһγָоеڵƺѾ
ÿһĩҶʹãе߳ˣ
Ÿ߳еƼû˸ָоû˽ָ̹оҲ
˸ָо

䱧ƼƼҲ䣬˫ӵ
ѧͷϲԽָоƼ
ţָоеǳɣûú˯˹
ȥƼѾ˯ˣ֣ͣţ

⵽ô£ȻΪұūڸ
ô죿





Ƽ֪ʦĴߵô£ֻ֪ʦԼ
ѾȫţʵΪƼûκδ߱ݣǱʶ
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ʦȸϵŮĴӣȻҪǵʱ
ŮǶԴΪĹǸױƿأƼû
յḶ́ıҲûڿȫûбߡ

ȻǷʦһʼǾú棬ǵ
ʦ˵ᡱǵκαߵľʼ
ԱԼʦûҪߣֻ
ܵװԼѾˣʵĻشĻҲһγ
顣

ʦͷ˽ܵĲλðĸȫ
ƼϣһΣԣӦҪô
ʦӳȥУʦղֻװġ

˿䣬ϷŸղʦõĺ챦ʯǵ
ʦղŴỵ̈ͻȻһ뷨ʦԴߺϤ
ڴ˯ţԴʦ

Ƿպܴѡ񣬵ƼܲһֱװԼū벻
õķˣʦ˯ôһǺܷɵģһ
ġ

Ƽ룬־Լ񲻸ôƻҲ֪
ܳɹʵҪģӦǸϿ뿪䣬ȻȥУ
ʦʲôУʦǿˣôҲΪ
ղŵľƾɣҪһУʦ

Ҫ֪ղʦôôĸоģҲ֪Լ
ĿԴ߱ˣԵĻôС򡭡ŮŵĶ
ѡƼ֪Լô뵽л
Ļһᡭᡭĵ͸˵ĸԣǰƼ
ţԭ򡣡

Ƽ̨ƵĽǶȣյϣȻ
ص˴ϣʦȻ˯ţͷɢͷϣΪױ
ϵżһһ̺̺µȻȫ
ģƼһƼŲȥЩ£Ҫרһ㡣

һϣֻŹز࣬
ѹסϵı̺ͲܶˣȻ˫ֻɵģƼҲ
˫ҲסʦԼȫ޷ܻ
ô߸ܳɹɡ

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ǽʦϣԼԴƼǿź챦
ʯͣĶͷϷִȻĴʦĶ䣬
ǰѧģƽĽһˣΪܵĴ̼
˱ѣͬʱĶֻһڷƽһߴ
Ķ䣬һ߻ţ

ʯ䣬ʯ

˹Լ˸ֵΣѧУƯ
ŮƼȻŮȻûκεԾ飬õ
˸ĸ߳Ȼ˯˹ȥȻԼıʯһֺ
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ʯʯҫţеע⣬Ψһֻ
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ܣ֪ʯԴǣڴ㣬֪
޷ܣ֪ÿʯ˶ᱻƣҲ޷ſ˫
ˣ۾ҵ㡣

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ȫıˣ֪ıʯˣо
ʶģӦáӦ
ġܿ뷨Ҳʧˡ

֪ʯǣ䣬֪űʯ˿Կ
㡣ùʯȥƺöŮԡǵģӣƼ
ӦҪĴ״̬

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ԼıţеԼһ̨½
ͻеԼݵĸÿһ㣬ͻĵİ
ԼңҪݵ¥㣬ÿһ㣬ͻȫķң
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ÿ˰ɣƼš

ҵϵҵ֪˭ڿ㣬ң˭
㣬䣿

ҡʦ˵ţƼеһֲң
о̫ˣƼţ˱ʯ鲻ԽְĦ
زУţҪרģ

ǵģ䣬ҿ㣬ң˭

ƼƼָеһ޷ĿУʦ

û䣬Ƽ㣬Ƽ˵ʦϿˡ
ͻص״̬ƽȫţǵ˵ʲôͻ
ص״̬

ʦϿˡʦ˵š

찡Ƽţҿ첻ˣеڳˮ
ֺϾͿС򣡻ȻֻҪ
ĵĸԣȴʦ顣

ߵʱᷢ㣬ǲ
ʱᾡѹסԼУǵһص䣬һ
Ҳ̲סˣ뾡취ҡȡŮ˵ķ
ȻҲϣҶôƼеΪ˷ܵĲţ˽
𣿡

˽⡣ʦҲΪΪš

䣬㽫ȫǱߵļ䣬ҲǵŴ
ҵ飬ҸղŸȫ
ģʵϣҲǵʱ˸һ
ĴΣϲΣᷢԼ˵
ҸˡͻῪʼһʮÿһͻһ㣬
ʮͻȫѹȫǱߵ飬ǻ֮ǰ
˽𣿡Ƽеȫű

ǵġʦ˵š

𣿡

ǵġһΣƼе˷ܵĲʹûκʵϵ
ҲԼҪ߳ˣָܣ֮ǰÿһζҪǿң
̫Ȥˣš

Ƽ׼ҪʦͻȻ뵽Ըղŵһ
ҲûУȴǶĻô룿û뿪һ°ɣ
˵ϵ·ȻǼڿѾʪܵģҲ뻻
һ˷ܵĸо·֮󣬶ʦ˵˻Ȼ
ſڣĬʮ



˹ʲôҲûԼܹһμҵĸ
ʲô飿ڻֻѰô˯
ȥһѧˣƼղŻϣܴ
ƼȻ󡭡û𣿴ΪûлᣬԼĵ߳˯
ˣôţȻһҲûУʱͻȻŵ

šţ˭

Ƽźܸӵĸоûд·ӦҪ
ϿŮߣĺҲӦҪεĻ
᣿Ƽָо֮ǰҪӵǿңûа
Ҫߡ

롭һ¡䷢ֵɢԸС·ָе
һţһΪղʱ򣬻Լڴһ
ɰѧԲŻỻ·Ͻѵϵ·䣬
һۣȻȥš

ƼһվſڣŮŶӵƷźЦݣģ
˺һᣬھͱ·⣬ѹ
ȻлҪѣ±˳ȥᱻ
ϳѧУģƼеֵı鿴

㲻Ƽš

Ƽ˽Ȼһ˵ϣ
ƷβպöȻƼƨ
ɣеһ޷˷ܣҪŮ

ԲʦƼ˵ţվң
𣿡

˵ֻʶĵ˵ͷȻƼס
ӣŮ˵زһеաĴ
Ůȵ촽Ƽ΢Цš

ʦ֡ܰ𣿡

һҲð࣬Ƽ˵ţܰʲô𣿡
ƽ˵ţȻе촽ʮֵĸҲ˼ţƺ
ں˭Ͽ

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͸ˮʪ£ҲԼĿ֣찡Ҫ
еڵϵţһҪϿƼ뿪Ȼ
ѳֲסԼġ

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Ҹղһﾭȵʱһײңûп
˭รϣ˰ҿ⵱ȻϹģҪһ
Դ壬Ȼ¶һֺʹԥ
顣

Ӧõȥ˵ţЩ

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̸̸֮ǰ̸飬ʦӦÿ԰Ҵһ¡Ƽ
˽ţվתĺʹม˵ţָҴȣ
·λá

⡭ţѾ׵ıˣȻ
еǸҪϰŮߣȴô˵ţҲܰ
ûô˹ȥƼƨɡ

Ƽ΢΢ƨеһѣƵĿУ
ƼƨɣĶ̿˼ĴУҲеԼ
Ѿȫʪˡ

รоãƼ˵ţбĵطҲˣ
ţҵزûתһ㣬ӱ
סزƼͦزʱƼƨɸպö
壬ƼнĶƨɣһ˲䣬еʤһУ
ʲôҲ޷ֹˣѧУûбߵŮ
ʲôҲ˲ˡ

šƼ˵ţ⡭Ѻúõ˵ˣ
Ҳˣĺ˳Ȼֵ˽ܵ
λҲ˽˼

Ƽת˹ĴƼҲȻһ
ɵ˴ϣܿѹϵ·俪ʼƼԼ
ҪܵĶһǿҵҪ̵ŮпһŮ
߳Ķ

ֻƼĵһ飬ǸѧϰǿŮ
ʦȫʧԼ΢ЦȫȡԼ̫
ˣƼţĳɹˣūָ
ͷûǰΪԼ˵Ůˣ

ƼȲҪŮ顭





Ƽȥ΢Цţ߶ˣ
һ˵ᣬѧڿԺ뿪ˣĵ
ͻǰǻҲܹҹ߶Ů
Ϳ԰ĸᣬ̫ˣһֱģƼ
Ȼı䵽һᣬΨԡ豸һ䡣

Ƽ΢Цţǰϵ飬һĩѧУѧ
ܹˣƼûʲôҪûйûҲ
ûʲôġȻʱԵʦķ
֮¡

֮ǰƼʦദʱеԼ
ǣڿƲ˵ջΪĴ߰ʾȫ޷ѹ
Լֱʵ൱ȤʱƼõȲˣ
Ҳֱ״̬Ȼκ£ȫûв
ԼֻܷƼ

ÿεķﶼЩͬķչϣĦ
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Ը󲿷ŮֶΣƼ״̬Ҫ
ÿν֮ƼὨ뿪֮ͻΪղŵһ
ֻһΣԺڿϼҲ⡣

ʦܶ⣬֮ǰѧУ߹ЩˣȻ
ʱشƼ˽ߵķƼԼߵļ
ãԾԾԵģҪȥСȻ󡭡Ϊʲ
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˵ЩŮӣѧУڼֻ
Ҫҵ֮ǰٴһΣдߵָ
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ЩŮڱҵҲϲȻ飬Լ
йͬϵȫûм䡣

ƼѾˣ֪ʱˣѵȻĿ
ֽ˴׼ÿеͦչ٣
άģҲ˶

Լķ䣬ڷЩѵ̫ˣȻסһ
ҲȤ˵ǰЩѵúܲ˼
ָȥԼĽֺʦ·

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С˵ҲšվҲΪ̫ˣ
ԸеԼȷһҽһ˴ϣˣ֪
¸ھˣţ㴩
һ£һһ˵ߵ˱ҡ

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ķԱߣƼ̫ȥʵʹ޷ܣ
ڷţûκλӦָ
ţûлӦõŵʱͻȻ˿

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ŽžͳţƼͻȻûʿСģܡעĿһ
־޵ĸо

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ҡǸҺ˽ţܰҿ𣿡

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Ů˵ʱķʲô

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Ͼ͹ȻʿСص˱ҡ

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Чţ찡Ůβǿɰ

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Ү

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ԼΪʲô뵽ⷽǵ鷳

ƼСĽ˯Ȼ󽫱ڴϣƼе
Ĵʹ

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ŵȺļϣôôŤʿСȥ
ֻǽ÷壬Ƽķϵ˳

Ưʿ˵ţƼȴһѧУǲ
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һͻȻ両ֳһ뷨

뿴𣿡š

ȻʿشţʵûʲôȤֻ
ƼƼȻԻʿС΢Цš

ʱƼԿӻʿСťۼĿ϶棬
ƷǻʿҺܲȻġ¶Դص
֣ôᴩ⸱еģ

ʿСͻȻע⵽ʲôһ·ܿ뿪˴ߣ
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£ŻᴩôԸУŻʿС㷳յӣͻȻһ뷨
ҲҪΪ·ݡ

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ûûʲôֻǷ·ûáʿŵĻشš

𣿡Ƽ˵ţʲôûӦôźҲ
˯°ɣһ㣬̫ŵǲʺϱߵġ

ǰֻ࣬ǱҪһ㡣ƼԼеֿ
ɵ˯ЦЦ

ÿ·Ҵ˵ţƺﵽԤڵЧ
ʿСҲЦ˳

ƼʱˣȡڻʿСǰ̷
ıʯһ޷ܵӱʯĹâ
ϣúƽɣƼ˵ʲôûа취ר
ȥȫעʯˡ

Ǹıʯǲǣ뿴㲻Ҫ
뿪űʯ߿ʼˣƼеһָʦʱһ
˷ܣ֪ѾҪɹˣʿСãȻĶűʯ

ˣûа취ƿߣʯռȫߡ
һжʧˡһжʧˡҵֻʣҵ
űʯΨһע⵽Ķúҵ
úƽůһѻȼաҵ
ǰѻȼϡյĸʢҡűʯһ
Ҫűʯҵ

ȫעĿűʯƼʯƵ뻤ʿһЩо
ռȫ硣űʯ뻤ʿֻмֵľ롣

űʯҵҵ㣬ҵ
úƽůú롭űʯ
࣬ⱦʯĻҫۡ۾ˡƤ
أűʯҵƽĸоú޷
ٿˡı˫ۡ

ʿСգ˼֮˫ۣ̫ˣƼе
ɹˣʦҲǽҵġ

۾ѾˣȻԿʯԸе
ʯ󡭡еƽůеǰѻյ
ز塭ʿ޵

޷ƶȫһҲûУҵƿ㣬ֻ
Ҫҵҵеûȫʶȫ
ҵúů㡭ӱʯ
ҡʿַ˯һĵͷҴ
㣬ʿС㣬ҡң˭

ʿСһ޷ĸоеԼһڰůĵ
ȴָе൱ƽɣеԼزȵ
ȼţⶼΪǸǸ˵˷֮ʲô
Ҳ

㡭ʿСشš

ҵƼ˵ţеԼӵƽ
ůķҵͻеزӵȡ޷
ԼֻҿԣҪĴ״̬һ
½ŵ½ĴߡԼȫ
Ľҡ

½ῴ¥͡ÿ½һ㣬ͻķ
ҡ齻ҡÿ½һ㣬ͻеڵĻ̣
Ҫﵽ˸߳Ҫ¥㣬оȣʮʮ
šʮˡ

ʮߡʿţƼ˲еһֲ˼
˷ܡ

ʿС㣬֣ҪɵŴе
ȡҪﵽ˸߳

ʮġʮʿɵƼߣ
Ϊﵽ߳ϴ

ǣƼ˵ţ޷ﵽ߳
߳ң˭

㡭มʮʿСشţƼ
׼ˡ

˭

šƼʿС㼤ҵĴ

ûеҵָʱеһдδ
˷ܣ֮߳ͻȫĳΪҵū˽𣿡

ǡǡǵģʿСƽڴϣϵĴ

ƼĿӴ˿¶ԸеĻʿƷƼ
ѾʪһƬЦţƵĴȣʿС̾
˷Ӧ˱ļţƼ׼ҪһİʾѾ
ˣ֪ء

ʿС㣬ʲô֣ϲô㣿

磬شţҵѶС硣

С磬Ƽ˵ţԺֻҪ˵顱ͻ
һĴ״̬ǲ߳еǳ
ƽůɣκ˷ܵĸоƼ뵽ڴǰ
߳һȤô

˵ллļ顱ͻĴһʮÿһ
֣㶼еԼһЩʮͻȫ
㲻ǵԼ߹Ҳǵñʱ
飬ֻǱʶмǵҸҺɵķӣ˽
𣿡

˽⡣

รشƼָеһ޷˷ܡ

һʱᷢԼ޷Լı빴
ңҪռңὫƵĺܺãֻ
ķ䡭ҵķʱ򡭡Ƽ̸ܵӵԼķ
ĺô

ʱᷢԼϵֱȫ޷
ṴңԼķ󣬵
ʱصԼĴ˯ӺԼ
һΣķģЩλҪ
˽𣿡

˽⡣

ร̫ˣлҪãʦһֲͬ
ܣƼֻһʱȷѾȫİʾ

С磬վѵĳۡ

ʿСԥվȥ˳ۣվԭصƼһ
찡̫ˣƼ촽

ллļ顣Ƽ˵ǰָ

ʿС֣Ȼ˹һʼһ
󣬵ƼʾȥʱȻܿЧˡ

ƼĽôˣһ˲䣬Ƽԭԭ
ЧܲȻеһʹӦû
ˡ

รѾûˣлл㣬С硣ʿСһ¶е
飬Ƽô֪СһΣ޷ȥ˼
⣬ĿƼƺˣҪŮ

ܰҰѱÿС磿Ҫȼ
ƨɶʿƼ·ñÿһƼ
ͦԲβ

šƼ˵ţоãܰҰĦһǸλ𣿡

ҡǸðɡС绤ʿѹԼ
ȴϵһܷᣬңԼ
Žڣ֮ǰңҲûҵġ

ƼţҾﰴĦ̫ʺϣ絽ҵķȥ
𣿡

Ƽ΢ЦͬˣȻһصʿСķ䣬Ƽɵ
ϣʿŽŹȻȥ¡

ܰװ硣Ƽڴ˵š

ţʿһֵԸеɤ˵ţһʿȻҪ
ƷҺúõİ顣ߵƼߣŵĽַƼ
ͷϡ

ţ˵ţҸое㷢รҲ·򿪻һ
㡣

ûأƼţʿѾݵĽ⿪ťۣ
Ƽ鷿¶˳ͷеš

㿴ѹֵĺأװģʿ˵ţã
а취һҪȫҵָʾڷҺúõİ
㿴ƼԹԵĻ

ʿС㽫ַƼƨϴţĵƣƼ˽
СѨֻʣ¼ֵľ룬ƼҲеǹϤ𲻶ϵϴ
ţŤƨɣŻʿĶ

ʿСĦţȻͻȻԤĽƼ˫֮䣬
Ƽ٣Ƽ񴥵Ƶĵһ£۾
š

ܺãʿ˵ţķӦֻܲǿʼҪ
ٷҪĵطƼٶתԾɽ˫۱
ţеС˫ֽӴزܵС˫ֱĴ
дͦͷеͷеš

Ƽſ˫ۣСĦز׷װ
زԵøԸжͻ

ܺãʿ˵ţȥܿͻ῵ˣֻʣһ
˵ŻһֻƵƼСѨƼʪ
ƶš

ͻȻ䣬ʿСȫֹͣ˶˿ƶʲ
ôƼе죬ôͻȻͣС߸ߵĶ
ƨɣԸеڿȹ¶˳ƼԾ˴ȥ
ʿСƨɣҲ̷ϵŤƼǰĴ
߰ʾ򵥵Ĵ˻ʿԤڸĿС

ʿתƼĴĽƼƵ˴ϣ
ϣľٶƼеһȫµ˷ܣʦӲй
ԵľٶʿĲӣָƼ
Ϊֻ˽ܵĲλָܸоǻʿĴȴе
ÿλ

С壬յӡزı
Ƽеһ˷ܣÿκʦֱӽеص㲿λ
ָ֪оǿеļ

ӵס˻ʿŮˣʿһȥԼ
·Ƽ֣ŻʿСɫͷȻ̰
˱š

СеԼ쵽˼ޣĶҲĸԣ
Ƽ壬˽Ľһ𣬽һν
ƼʪȵСѨ

Ƽ˷ܵĹ˱еԼѾﵽ˸߳Ⱥʦһ
Ҫ֪ôݣļɱʦ߳Ķ࣬Ҳ
ʦѧϰһ¡

ССѨʱеѾ޷˼ˣ
߳ԵʱָеʿС˱ͷֵĴ̼Ƽ
Ҫ޷ܣŷŤ壬찡о̫ˣ
Ƽеһҵĸ߳

Ƽ侲֮ᵽҪһ԰һ
ɺõĶǶôҪֻǿʼѣҪȥҸŮˣ
΢Цţһ߸Сһš





ǰһ죬еŮ൱ڴǷǳα
ȥӴΥƷƺк

ƼеЩνΪѧУķȻıѡΪ
쵼ˣ˵ȥЩк棬ѧУʽ
ŮЩ˽ܣҪбѣŮƾ
ؿƵʱҪƳ档

Ƽպ״ͬʱҪ縺ůӵ
ҪУĴһֻ裬Ǹδк
Ϊ飬־ԼӦغЩкϲ
Ůˡ

ǰУƼһֱʦĵһξ͸
곤ḻŮˣѧ˺ܶߵļɣ
ЩɳɹĴѧУĻʿ

С绤ʿʦмɣ䵱ǿһʱ򡭡Ƽ
ǳС绤ʿѾΪ޶뿪ѧУǼϵľƼ
˷ܡ

ʱƼϰϽë̩࣬СͽҪ
ñԼҪʵԼǻۡҪòô磬ƼѾ
˺ڴˮ׼ѧУҫۡԵõѧҲ
ܶװķʵϽëӦҲģ뵽
͵һٶͬѧǰ࣬ʵڲһõϰأ
ëʱͻȻŵ

Ƽסһ˵ᣬȻȥͬѧһסʱƺЩ
įԼԡҡԼĴԼľӣָĺܰȥ
ţ˺ķÿͣС

ƼһֱƯܲΪʲôҪݵĸ
ǰлΣվǰģϥǳȵİ
ɫȹӣϰǺɫƣƼܷյӡ

ˡС˵ţ˿ס

ˡƼҲӦţһϴμСǺüǰ
ˣԴǴԺСǿıܿȻƼԸеʵС
˵˵ģֻΪЩѡЩ˵һ
㣬Ϊ׵ǰС̫ãƼΨһҲǸˣСͻȻ
ĳƼĲ֪˵ʲô

ʲô𣿡Ƽš

ţҡǸǸСƺʮֵĽţƼе
Щʲô

ȽɡƼ˵ţС˵ͷ˽ȥƼ
Ų͵͵ԴϴκСһֱϣֶ
ĻᣬȻλ

СĴ˫ȣƵĿƼ
ߣźСƵİɫȹӣϰһĳ
ļťûزֵģСһʲô
顣

ҡǸֻҪСʮֽŵ˵ţƼ֪С
ҪʲôȷһǸԭ.

ʲôԾС򣿡

ûʲôԣٵĻشţֻǡҪ
ڷĴţѰʲôҪǸ
ë࣬ϽëࡣСƺһƼеһ
ʧԼֵĺƽ

Ƽ룬СѧУǻģҲΪʲôܴǰ
˵ԭ˵һֻĽڶѣĿĵʲô
ء

ðɣһᾡġСеƼôֻ
΢Цţû˵ʲô

Ƽ˫ۣƺС˫ںȾ
ңҿ챻ûˣ콫ȳȻֻƼԼ
ѡ

ת˽ë࣬СķԼ
ƺһϢʱƼȴе쳣侲Ҫ
ô֪һɹģСһҲţֻҪúõһ
㣬ڱҼ֮һֱеһܻýŵġ

Ƽ˿߹ʦͻʿĺ챦ʯʹҲ
óµļˣתС

ðɣ򣬡ƼһƵ૵˵ţԼ
Сǰ㿴ôϽëģҪϸĿҵ
ǽëҪ㿴ҵ۾Ŀҵ˫ۡСȻе
ܽţҲúܺ棬ⲢԤڵġ

û򣬿ҵ۾Ŀҵ۾С
ƶһ£о̫ڣƼע⵽СƮһ£ƺڴ
鹵㻻һַʽ

ҵ۾С򣬲Ҫҵز˵ţȴ⳯Сͦ
أ㲻Ӧ¿ҵ鹵ƺõЧС
Ƽ鹵ͻȻ޷ƿԼߡ

ƼСķӦеͷյС
Сʧȥ˽֣࣬£ͷҲΪͻ
˳

ҵ鷿ôջ㲻ӦҪٽͷ
￿㲻ܿ㲻øůԸСٻ
ȥСѾȫıƼز
ˣһֵֺĸܣԼ˷ܡܽţȴһĪ
ɡ

СҪվ뿪ȴƼѹסļ򣬲뿪
ĸĸܵ鷿Ƽ𣬻
ԸУȴһֲ˼ľС

򣬵㿴ҵزƼ˵ţһֵǶô
ôԸСôС򻺻ĵ˵ͷ

ûƼ˵ţҵͷӵ㿴
ԼԼԼ
ȫĽҡԸ˵κ顭㿴ҵͷС
ҵκ˽𣿡

˽⡭СѾƼزƼҲеƲ
סԼˣ˽⿪ԼĿӣͷСǰʱ
СȫһƬհס

ȫˣƼū۵Ůţ
ʼҪˡ

СֻҪ㿴ңͻҡ˽𣿡

˽⡭

еԼϵĸǣһķ
ʱ򣬷㶼ܿԼһڷͻȫ
Ʋס봥ҡҡҵÿе
˷ܣ㲻Ὣָо֮Ĺϵκˣ
˵ܡ

ţƼţӦҲҪһЩõĽ鵱

УԺ󲻻ٴЩԼĵ·Ϊһ
ϵеԼ˽ԼǶôԸеŮ˽𣿡
Ƽš

˽⡭Сһλشš

𣿡

ǵġ

㡭𣿡

Сûлش

СܳΪһԸеŮ֪ǵġ
ƼóŹĿ˵ţԭԿСı
ڱ仯ţƺţƼ˵ЩʲôСȿˡ

šҲżᶨƼ΢Цš

СҪ㱻ߵ飬ǱʶзҸ
ŸɵķǣҸ˵ǲ
ۣͻ̻صһĴ״̬ڴ״̬֮еʱ
ֻҪ˵ڸʲôͻʮÿ
ָӵѣֱȫѹ˽𣿡

˽⡣

𣿡

ǵġ

ˡڸʲôƼ¿ۺťۣÿ֮Сգ
գۣеƼƼ΢Цš

Ϳʵҵë̩ģ´
ҵǱȥʱҿ԰һ㡣Ƽ˵վСգ
գ۲⵽֮ǰѾƼˡʵ
ĿģҪĸ࡭ڡָоǿңƽ
ܲһ

վƼ֣ͻȻоǴһ֪Ϊʲô
һŮָоǲӦøϿ뿪Ȼ
ôƼȫûзֵ˼ס
ָŪģЩСеһɵ˼裬
Ūûʲôࡣ

รûаش𣬸е༫ٵ

𣿡Ƽ˵ţҶһ̩Ļ࣬㿴
˵ţſС֣תȥֽβС
ǰ֮ǰСһֱеԼ޷ƿƼزָе
ƼƨɾҲôˡ

ƼƨΪҶڶţȹµĴҲֵģ
̫ԸˣСţƼСɶԲβ鲻Խ
ҪƼƨɰڶţͻȻһֱߵĸо

ĸȥĴ㣬ڹϯҲеԼƺ
ˣʦҪʱվҪµʱҲ
ȥҲֻѣΪĴ޹أ
Ժûӡֱȥһ㣬С֪
̨ϵ˶ʲô

ͻȻע⵽Ƽ˵Щʲô

˼ղ˵ʲôСš

ߣҵĻࡣƼشš

รð˹ȥǿƼƿӣ漴ע⵽
½⿪˼ӣ˵鷿ֵģԿͷ
ôҡġƲסԼͷƼ
鹵У壡

ͻȻоƼƨɶ˹̸һ־ƵĿ
Уһ˲䣬ƲסӵӦֻ
ǲСĵġСţƼƨֿ˹Ҳ
ϵСĥ䣬СԼȫʧȥ˼

ҪҪҵĴȣЧáƼ˵ţϴ
tЦݡ

มðСشţоȫ΢΢ĲţС
Ƽƨɣһθܵĸоһ


Ƽ˵ţһջҪ쵽ȹ
棬Ҫҵļ

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ԭֻ΢һ£ԼѾ޷ƿˣƼ
̫ˣҪ

ƼһĽСķȥоСָݽ
ƤеʹҪ࣬ץסС֣Ĵ
ԼСҲûеֿ˳Ƶ˫ŪƼƨɣ


Ƽ⿪µĿӣС̼ʵͷŪ
ͷ˱Ȼ̧ͷȥԼ£¶˵鷿

ƼһϴοֵģƼûע⵽
Ȼ˵ķǣֱԲͦƼΪЦţ
촽ȥӭͷϵСͷϷתСеһ־
ѵĿͷ˳ŮȻ

⼸С򳣳Ƽߵʱ
ԺǶΪѣȻԴһ
Ƽ뿪֮һֱ޷ȥܾԶҲ޷
ŮûʲôرԼزǾܵ
ñ˱ע⵽ûʵǶġ

Ƽֹͣ˱Ķ̧ͷСȻǼҵĽţ
¶زһ𣬽Ƽֵͷ鷿

Сеȫеͨһ㣬֮ǰֻкͼ︽кйһ
Ծ飬ûĴֱֱĥСֻʹһҲûõ
㣬Ƽȫһ

Ƽһ˱ͷҲŹһߵͷСʲôҲ
ֻܸѸЩȵĿУͻȻоƼ˫
ȹӣڿ㣬ƽ˽ܵĲλ

СɵƼĴϣƼҲѵԼڿ㣬ץС
֣Ů˽ĿһƼҡ壬Ǹܵ˴˵
ů볱ʪǸһ˷ܣûãСеԼѾ
ޣ˳þȫĶƼ˽ҲƼ˸߳

һʱŮƼڶ壬
Щ߳£СƼ΢Цţֽѹ̰
ȻƼɵޱСЦһ¡
ǰǻһСʱء



 

ˣһΪ飬кΪͨ 
һСʱŵﳡأϴźŮһĲֳ 
νģȴȫô£֮д󲿷ֵ 
˵һӴԵĻᣬƼڵĹҪ糡档 

ǲ򵥣ԷĴһݡи̩кʱ 
ѾˣֻҹȫûʲôθУ·ϾͿʼ 
ȾƣѾġ 

Ƽһ־͸ܵˣȻûкܶĻӴƵˣ 
ԵĸܵǰкѾ޷Լˣк 
ãȫƵģ˵е㺬壬һ˲䣬Ƽ 
Ǳһ 

รô𣿡Ƽ˵ţͺ 
ߵ˶˹ 

û°лл㡣ƼشţҲûɣ 
ĳҪѧУĴе˼ǣƼѾ 
ģкӦҪòĵлƺû˼ 
Ƽֻץкֱߵ͵Ļ᳡ 

ƺƼľٶһصߣһ 
˶ĵѶ˵Ļ 

٣Сɷˣߵ˶СЦƼװ 
ǰȥȴеպĿ 

ʱһҲûкתλİŵȻкŮ 
ɵĽ̸һʼҾΪҪҵԵúܲڣ 
û֮󣬴ҺһƣҲʼ᳡һ㻶ֵ 
ա 

ΪƼܺκξƣȻԷĴ̩ҲӦˣ 
һģԹԵĺѿȥˣƼֻܸԼ 
ټСʱͽˡ 

ʱʵڲȤòڽ͵ʱ䣬Ҫʼ 
ˡ 

Ƽ֮⣬е˶һƣѧѾ֪ 
ȥˣƼӦҪһ֧ģȴû 
ľڲѵ״£Ƽֻȥǵʦ 

ʦһõˣϾǲͬģƼű 
Ť貽Լ˼㡣 

һнѧҪ뿪ʱѾʮˣ˵ 
൱ĳɹĵţܶ˻˵绰һ 
ʼ˴˲֪ôڵģȫͬ˶ҹ 
 

ƼɥԼȥ;ϲù 
״ȴлҪ⣬ԷǸ쵰ѧȻȵããģ 
кǸʦ֧裬ȾƵУһ 
ǳģΨһеοǣûܳȡЦʲôģ 
ߵſڣ߽ڵķ䡣 

ˣƼ򿪵һȻ 
кһͺܰĺɫ˿װǸоͦ¶ģܲ 
ׯ¶˴Ⱥ鹵 

߸Ƽţ˵ķ䣬֪ 
ʲôϷ 

İƼشţж㿴վ 
ƼƼԼ񱻶סһվ 
ǰ 

ƼͻȻԸУŽţԸеĺɫװ 
ǺǶ԰˶ͦ鷿Ƽͷ 
ڿҲĳʪĻǺܲʲô 

Ƽ˵ţҲŮã 
㣬ϣҲôҡҸʲô 
⿪һźɫӵɫĵƹ̱ڸ 
䡣 

ҸʲôƼרĵĿ 
ջƼԼ˵Ļš 

˵ҫۣƼ˵ţϸ 
ǰڶһ˵ţһеת 
ţùâƼǰ 

ƼϸĿе 
ע桭רĵĿƼе˼ 
棬ҵҫĹâϸ˵ 
ϸķ˿ƼиŪš 

ǺѵģƼ˵ţ 
ôҫۣԼƤء۾ 
úƼƤغأ޷ſ۾ˡ۾ 
ıˡƼı˫ۡ 

˷ܵȭͷ̫ˣţ 
ɹˣڻףʱƼĴߡ 

һůڰĵطƼ˵ţһܰȫ 
ĵطԼķһúůܰȫԲԣƼ 
ԼļԼķ㲻úκ˺㡭ʲô 
ҪġֻҪɣԸе 
㡭ůȫĵط 

Ƽȫ㣬ֻҪ 
ͺáԼƼȫķ 
Լӵ𣿡 

ԡƼĵ˵ͷشţһ˷ܵȭ 
ͷ 

ʲô룬㣬ɶԲԣƼȫ 
Ҫ˼ֻҪͺãܺöԲԣƼֵ˵ͷ 

˽⵽ʹ˼룬Ƽȥκ 
飬ԲԣҪȥ·𣿡Ƽ˵ͷ 
̸е˷ܵˮ 

֪˭Ƽ֪ӵǸ𣿡 
Ƽ˵ͷ 

˭š 

㡭Ƽشţ΢ 

ô˭š 

Ƽشţ˷ܵĻش 

û˵ţѾȫҴˣ˵κ 
飬ңƺΪˣ˽𣿡Ƽ˵ͷڣ 
Ҫſ˫۵ڴ״̬ 

Ƽſ۾˫ۣΪ߶Եã 
ƽҪӵˣƺһ㡭ѡȻڵ 
Ѿ޷ֹͣˡ 

Ƽ֪ôŮ𣿡ţƼֵ˵ͷ 
ô˵ţɣ˵꣬Ȼ˴ϣ΢Ц 
ƼĵƼȴֻվһҲ 
ô£ʱƼȴʼڶƨɡ 

Ƽڶ壬֪ʲôƼĶǺԸУ 
Ϊͽɣ￴ţƼ׻ʲô 

ƼŤƨɣһʱתƨɶ 
ֳϣԴȹ¿ĴȣÿŤ 
һƨɣ¶ƺ͸һЩ 

ееңƼ˵βһ־ͿԴ 
λãȴûжֻ֣ǾĿţѾõŮ 
ǰ趯壬⼸ϵƼһֱһҪֶεĵ 
ϾҪõˡ 

ͻȻƼתַļϣز 
ϣһԼǰֻʣƼĿزҡţ 
ϵǰתʱʱ죬ʱȫϣʱ 
һ룬ԲʱĴڿ鹵 

ԼԾĸƼزתšԼƺ 
ǡˡֹһУ˫̱Ƽѹ 
ȻƼ忿ĸ鹵ˣͷ 
Ķߡ 

ֻҪţеעҵزϣҪ 
ƿֻǿҵزƼĴĶ 
ѾȫزˣƼԸеزȲ 
ȴֻܿţƼղתʱԼ 
˫֮䡣 

ҵزԸеزм 
ԴǡǷе 
㣬ȫ޷ܡ֪ӵе 
㡭ѾĿơ˵Ŀơ 
˭ 

㡭شţǫģƼ΢Цţ 
ͼ֮󣬾һֱװźܽ״ȴŷʱ 
Ѿɹˣ 

ܺãһҪʲôң𣿡 

ǵġֻôش 

Ҹ˵Ҫһ𣿡ͻһĴ״̬ 
ȫҵĿƣ˵ʱˡῪʼʮ룬 
뿪״̬ʮ룬ƽȫѹ㲻 
ǵڴҶ˵κ飬ǱʶмǵҸ 
߰ʾ뿪״̬ƽһ 

Ƽԥһ£ҲӦһ޸ģΪʲôķ 
ΪʲôҪԼҪڿԺúõˡ 

Ϊʲôҵķ䣿Ƽš 

ҪشţһֻеʽƼȴ 
ȻĶΪֻѡ˵ 
Ǻܲһġ 

Ϊʲôš 

ΪҰ㡣һһҲƼһ𺳡 

ôܻϲңƼţԾߵһֱ 
۸ң 

Ұ㣬Ƽһ˵ţԴһ 
㣬ôſԼĸоָоȴϵ 
ʹֱҷԼԾĸԼ壬ÿڸҶ 
Լϵı֪㲻ܻϲҡҸ䲻㣬 
ҡ֪㲻ͬ 

ƼĳͻһΪ߶ѹֵ飬 
һȴַǳļܻ뿪״̬Ƽ֪ࡣ 

ʲôʱԼͬģʡ 

ʮʱ򣬡˵ţ׼Ļش𣬡νϴ 
ʱҸԼ֪ԡǸоĺܺãȻҲŷ 
֣кָоŶŮѧУ 
ѣһԡ㣬ë߾ʱҷ 
˶סˣҼ˳Ÿͣҿںͱ 
죬ҿЦݣֱһΣȷҵĸо 
Ķκ˶ǿҡ 

Ϊʲôôе⡭Ƽţеʣ 
ˡ 

Ҫ㣬֪ҵĸоûۿңҲ 
ԼһܾңЦңҲ㷢֣ 
Ҿܵо㣬һֱ˵Լ㣬ֱ 
ҿǾߵĴӡ 

ʲô˼ 

а취ӵ㣬Ҫͬ⣬ҵͼ˺ܶ 
شҲϵߵϰһİ֮ 
ŴѧУĻʿܿľͱˣܵʱ 
ͻȻִǡ 

ƼϵĻţԭѧУĬĬŵģȴͻȻѧУŮ 
ͷͷʮʱ򡭡ⶼΪƼֱ̫ 
ˣ 

ǣԭ߻ʿǰѾȱˣС 
Ҳ߹ߵҲֻʦûܹȾָ 

߹ʦ𣿡š 

ûУ˵ȴţӦô𣿡 

Һܶ飬Ƽ˵ţ̾˿ʦܶ 
Ȼ˲֪飬ҲΪƼܲͼ 
˱ߣٽһĴıڱ仯ţƼ֪ 
ôĳͻ 

˵ţҪɫĵ۾ 
㿴𣿡 

ˡ˵ţǰӵƽ 

ܺãƼţǺܽ״ 

Ƽ˵ţԴǣ㡭֪ 
ߵʲôǵõģԲԣȫǸղŵ̸ 
ı侲 

ѹ֮󣬡Ƽָ㷢Լҵķ 
䣬ԼֻŪ˷䣬ҽ㣬ƽ 
״ķӦ㲻Уʱ˵˽𣿡 

˽⡣ 

õģôʱˡ 

ƼȥȻȴţ˶ʮ룬˯ 
ӣߵƼ 

ԭˡ 

ҵķ䣬ƼشţŪˡ 

˿ܣǵȷķ䣬ϴ 

˯ţȥҵķ˯Ǹμ 
ķС˯ߣͻȻһֵ뷨һֱϣ 
ɵƼĴϡǲΡ 

Ƽ侲˵ţ忿ĽһЩ˵ 
ȻƼֽһ㡣 

жҪ㡭Ƽ΢Ц˵ţָһЩ 
弸һѾ޷ˣԼ챻ûˡ 

ʲôż˵šһ 

Ƽ˵ţԼĴĴϡ 



β 

ƼСʱõ԰Ȼ̸Ŵӵһ 
μԱ˴˵ĸоӡ󣬺Ƽʮֵ 
죬Ƽ֪Լ 

޷ܣƼĻһСʱƼʼô 
ǺΣյģΪ˲˺κˣҪʹ˴סٵ 
Ϊֹ 

Ůȥ˱Ǵ߹ˣǵĴָƼ 
ʦʿСϣκӰ 

ʦѧУκˣ뿪ѧУѧȥ 
̷ѧҲҵһŮ԰¡ 

С绤ʿΪҽһҽԺβԼͬ 
֣һ·ϸպʦ 
飬žĵ˼ĵ˴ϣڸͬһŴ֮ 
ԺҪЯֶɹ 

СĸţҲĸ֣صѧУĳɼ 
ԵĽˣһܲĹѧҵ֮뻯ױƷ˾ 
зѾԼƷˡ 

ƼѧУһһĺ֣ܿΪ 
ͬĹ滮ֿˣ˽ְҵƼôѧ 
ɳΪ˷ǳɹҵңҪ˵¼ҲȥűȽʵʡ 

֮Ƕĺ֣ܿ





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