ͼԱū

ߣ֥



ӯصͼݣǱظеѧο顣 

ͼλļѧУ֮䣬ͶĸкѧУѧ 
ͼݡ 

¿αȽϳ٣Բͬѧһǰ 
ʱͼݻһСʱҪţ㹻ʱҵҪĲο顣 

ʱһеŮһڹ飬һߺڵֵ 
ͼԱ̸ӯӯʱ򣬲ŷֻһŮҪ飬Ů 
ֻпպһͼݵģҲʱһͼԱ̸ãֻ 
ͼԱ̸Цڼʶص˵ͷ˼棬ûжã̸ 
ˣЩŮҲһ뿪ˡ 

ӯӯϵͼԱׯڹ񙅵ֵݴ 
˵ͼڹ񙅵ֵʱÿ춼ڹ񙅵ֵͼԱ 
ӯӯڹ񙅵ֵͼƺ͹ȶĹΪ 
Ը⸺󲿷ڹ񙅵ֵʱ䡣 



ԴҳΪͼԱ֮żȻҵһͬĽѧ飬 
ѧмصĴԺܹС˵׵شߺͿ 
ˣҲͨͼݵְԱͱȫҵăWˣ 
ҽŮְԱҵūͼݵʵȨֽͼݱҵĵڶ 
ңֵĵطҵϣӵеŮ֮ǰʱܹŮְԱΪ 
Ķ󣬼ʹڹʱҲְֻܹԱķ֡ 

ΪͼԱҾܹӴСѧУѧһݳ 
ŮҵϣеĶҲΪжֺδ 
ŮΪ⡣ڶԷݣҴǵУͽ֤֪ǵ 
ƺ;ͶѧУԼǽ֪ǵϲúͿγ̵Ľȡ 

ҸְԱڹ񙅵ֵʱҸĵֵʱ䣬ĻӴ 
ҵĿ꣬跨ҵĿǳֵһ˵ʱԱҺĿ굥 
ĻᣬԼ˽ͼݵϰߡҲЩǽ 
ʾȻܶǲشӰ죬ȴܹ𽥸ıǵϰߣʹ 
ظΪͼݽŵʱ򵥶ǰʽǵĻᡣ 



ãڵͼݲҪŵʱ䣬Ƚãͼ 
ԱҲҵİǰȥδ뿪ĶߣǴӲ뿪ȻҲ 
뿪uӯĻᡣ 

Ҳϵڲοҵӯӯһе֪ͨͼҪţһ 
񙅽顣ڽ֮ӯӯû뿪οڹϣ 
ڹǰʱ̸תҵĹ񙅹ϡ 

ʱӯӯע⵽֦ҡʹ֦ĵӰڹ 
ʱĲοķϡ 

Ҽʧ˵ÿʱ֦ĵӰͻڙ 
ϣ̧ͷܹ 

ոսƿӯӯֿһ֦ĵӰ 

Ҽע˵ʱȽ 
ʱܹǡ 

ע⵽죬ӯӯֶ࿴һЩӰ 

Ҽ˵ۿһִʱĺ÷ûͬģ 
Ҳûƶͬλá 

ӯӯʼʶԽԽƵܵؽƵЩӰϣÿҲ 
ԽԽʱƿߡ 

ֻҪϸĵعۿܹؿελõķֱ𡣡 

ӯӯڙϵЩĲοԱߡ 

ֻҪƷΪοױȽϳελõķֱ𡣡 

ӯӯȫڲοϣʼעܷ飬 
ʶظҵָʾж 

еعۿ㽫ƶĹֻ̡Ҫйۿܹ 
µһͣλáеعۿ㽫µ´ͣµʱ䡣 

еعۿǵĶɨ㽫ܸеعۿ 
еعۿｫûйۿͷ㽫ܸеعۿ 

еعۿ㽫Աܸеعۿеعۿ㽫 
Աܸеعۿеعۿ㽫ȫעҵ˵ 
Աܸеعۿеعۿ㽫ҵ˵Աܸеع 
 

ӯӯûƶĿ⿪ʼʧȥ࣬˼άֹͣȫͣ 
ڡеعۿ㽫ҵ˵Աܸеعۿһ˵ϡ 


΢΢һЦ˼άתƵҵָʾж 

еعۿ㽫ҵ˵Աܸеعۿеع 
㽫ҵ˵Աܸеعۿеعۿ㽫ҵ 
˵Աܸеعۿ 

ÿһθеعۿ㽫ҵ˵Աܸеعۿÿһθ 
еعۿ㽫ҵ˵Աܸеعۿÿһθеعۿ 
㽫ҵ˵Աܸеعۿ 

ÿһθеعۿ㽫һ£㽫ҵ˵Աܸе 
ۿÿһθеعۿ㽫һ£㽫ҵ˵Աܸ 
عۿÿһθеعۿ˵ʮ£㽫ֹͣĴ㽫 
еعۿȫҵ˵ 

ӯӯʶęʮ£Ȼֹͣ 

Ϊ˲ķӳ̶ȣʵڸеӦ᣿ 

ӯӯ˵ȫ˵ 

ҿʼǿĿƣ˵Ϊ˱ʾȫҵ˵㽫ڻش 
ƺΪˡÿ˵һˣ㽫ҵ 

ӯӯһͷ˵ǣˡ 

ҽ쵽ǰʣڿ᣿ 

ӯӯش𣺡˵֡ 

ģ߶õǰĶʣ 
᣿ 

̧ͷ˫۸ҵңŬҪᣬȻɻ 
˵֪ˡ 

˵һ飬һó顣 

ӯӯٴεͷ˵ˣһó顣 

Ȿģ꣬Ҵڿʼȫҡ 

ӯӯøӣڿʼ˽ȫӵⱾ飬༴ 
ȫӵҵĺҵꡣ 

ģ⽫Żͷ˵ⱾҪһף 
ķףڿʼҲȫҡ 

ӯӯһøӣҵҵĺҵİ 
ףڿʼ˽ȫӵҵġ 

ҶĿ㹻ǿˣԿʼıˣ 

ڿʼȫΪӵе飬ܹκʱۿ㣬ٻ 
㣬Ҳܹݽи£޸ġҲеԼϷı仯 
ģܹȻؽЩ仯 

ֻҪἰ飬㽫ûлɵִҵ 

ҵκ֮㽫ӿĿֺУ 
öҵκӡ 

ֻҪҶ£˺йص͸оκεĸ 
оһɨգȫϲͽҵĸо˳ֵλ 
𣿡 

ӯӯͷףˡ漴ֺֿı顣 

ظ֮㽫ߵľ֮ڴ 
߻ѵ״̬£ȻȫûлɵִҸղŸĸ 

ֻҪҶ˵򿪵ʮڿ͵һָ㽫ص 
Ĵ״̬ 

㴦ڴ״̬ʱֻҪ˵ʮڿŻؼϡ㽫 
ʮȻøѣֱȫظѡ𣿡 

ӯӯͷףˡٴγֺֿı顣 

趨ѾɣʱѵҲҵū˵ڽ 
ʮڿŻؼϰɣ 

ӯӯڿֺе𽥻ظѡ 


ע⵽ʧȥղһʱļ֮ǰ˵㼺Щ 
֦ĵӰܳʱˡ 

ӯӯֻղſ֦ĵӰʱ̫ˣԼ̸ڼͻ 
ȻеΣԵе졣ҶģµĶûע⵽ 
ҵĶεı黹ʧԵúұøܣҲٴγֿ 
ֺı飬ԼΪܹ˷βŸеֺ㡣 

Ҷ԰ʾĽе⣬ڶֵЧ£ܿ콫 
ذңȫӵū 

ҾΪҪ飬˵ڷźĲο飬 
վﲻҪ 

ӯӯڲżǵûнοźãһȻػشǣˡ 
һ߽οŽΪ޶˳ƺΪ˶ٴγ 
ı飬Ρӡֱֺһ 

Ұ͵Цο֮ǰٶģµĶӯӯεı 
֮ʧӡֺ͸ıȻжú 
ԹԵվԭء 

һ״˵ղͻȻƺˣϣӵһλ 
𣿡 

ӯӯıԥӦ繤ʱûһԸ 
⽫Ϊˣҳ˹ƺԷΪˣûһ 
ԸƺԷΪˡ 

κ˼ʱ䣬ٴζģµĶ 

ӯӯش𣺡ǵģˡԥıͬʱطӡֺ 
ı飬ʼԵÿһҺ֮Ĺϵ 

мˣʣᣬϣ˭Ϊˣ 

ӯӯش𣺡㡣ڷӡֺıһ죬 
ʹҵĺøԽԽǿңҲϣһ˵Ĺϵ˵Ĺϵ 
ûȷȴnڶسƺΪˡʼջе˼ 

ջıҵĸоҶģµĶӯӯٸе 
˼øӡ֡㣬ҿʼģеϣҳΪ 
ˡ 

˳ˮۣʣᣬϣҳΪˣ 

ӯӯش𣺡ǵģˡһû죬ϣҳΪ 
˵뷨ûжȷ뷨жеС 

֮ʵᣬϣһַʽΪˣ 

ӯӯȽϸػش𣺡ϣΪ˵飬ȻͼԱ 
ҲֻϣΪ˹չ˵飬ϣΪ˽ӵе顣 
ûΪ˶Щ״ĸ淴Ӧˡ 


ղΪ˸˵ˡĻᣬ༴ʹøңҲ 
⣬ҲʹøµĶάֻеĶҵκξ 
뷨ԼԽԽԸӵ 

˵ˡ֮ıѾȫͬΪˣ 
Ҷ趨ΪʵһֱִʱѾˡ 

񲻾Ƶĵһָ˵򿪵ʮڿӯӯ 
ص֮ǰĴ״̬ 

ڿʼ㽫ҽӴȫκβλ 

ֱӽӴ壬·Ӵ壬ƷӴ 
壬㶼еһ԰ĿУΪһĿж԰ 
˸ϣٴνӴ塣 

ÿõ԰Ŀеʱ㽫ϲӵ㣻ÿõ߳ 
ʱ㽫һͶΪӵе鱾ҵƷĽɫ 

ظ֮㽫ߵľڽе£ 
֮ڴ߻ѵ״̬£Ȼȫûлɵִ 
ĸ˽𣿡 

˽⣬ˡ 

˵ʮڿŻؼϡ 

ӯӯٴλظѣδһξ״̬άԭƼ 
վڹǰ 

ߵԱ˵ᣬҵɡԵеڴ 
Ҷځѡ 

ҽҼϣͻĿеоȣϣ 
Ӵ˲ſԶӵ 

ԵһᣬһȫȥȻͻȻҼ磬 
һֻ΢ʹҲһɲǵĲȻı顣漴 
ģµĶһɲĻ䣬ڸµʱ 
ֱƣͬʱֵһмǿ˸µЧӰ죬 
ʹԸҶľٶ 

ҽ˫ִƿ˵ 

ѧƷһþװϣ 
ڴװõ鱾Ժ鱾ǩԱʾʽӵ㡣Ը 
ǩ 

⣬鱾ϵκαʼʱģʧǩ 
ӵȨԶЧ 

ԸԶӵ㣬ͽ⿪Ʒزǩ 
ɣ 

һѡȨҲһܹɷݡ 

ûгԥı֣жĻظ 
У׷ڹϣٽ⿪Ʒ϶˵ļťƷ⣬¶ 
ֵ漴˫쵽󣬽Ǹûмֽ⿪¶һ˫ 
ѩ׵鷿ȻҲַڹϣͦر῿ڹ 
ϣַ 

Ҵӹһ֦еʧҲͬʱĽΪ˽е 
Ӷе㡣 

زϣƵĿһ 
ΪҸĿжƶԷǩ 

˼̶ֲ֮ȵܹ±ʼ 
ǩûʾȨرǩǼ 
ȫʼػʱûвκʹ 
ǿҵĴ̼˲ϵط˽кʹϢԤϵЧ 
ץ飬ֻܹǩһα˳ߵ鷿дҵ֡ 



ǿҵĴ̼ƽ֮ʾȥƷֱֻ 
ѧУָƷõЬࡣ 

ѾʪѨЦȷΪҵ飬Ϊ 
ˣҲⷽġʹΪҵĽӴ 
ȻԴ̶̼ȵķӦղŶĴ̼Ѿ㹻 
ˡ 

΢ЦҵͷҲ̹׸еΡ 

ԭתһȦָʾıƣһ 
ȫ˳˶ʹƤΪɹһ㣬Ҳ˱ȽϽʵ 
ò̫ͻ⣬ûκȱ㡣⣬Ҳû̥ǻɫ⣬Ҳû 
ȽϴԵ˺ۣҲ񲿷ͬķΪ 
ԭѾСҲ۵С˵Ʒ 

ȷǷʱػش𣺡ûУˡ 

ΪҰ˫飬Ѩ˽οֱΪ 
һθ߳ 

ȻѨˮ³ 
ƷȥְԱ칫ҡ 

ʱͼѾ˹ʱ䣬ҲѾŵϲʼѲ 
ߣ糣زҵκжӯӯֻҪûҵĴ· 
ñ˿壬ʹƷ˽ܵĲλûУ糣 
ظߣҵķѾȫ֮ϡ 


ְԱ칫ңҿƿЦ˵Ҫעᣬ˼ 
Ȼͬ⡣һݱ˽ͼݽעȻ 
һԤõİ칫ϡȫľߣʼ 
Ͻи衣 

ЩΪ˺ͼΪӵߵĳҪһַʽ 
УӡͼݵĹΪϻҵӡ£趼ɡ 
ϻź͵¼űȻûпĵ 
ģעʣŲ裬ģһνĳ򣬵û趨ڣȻ󽫻 
СϵĽ軹ڱý滮ȥԱдϡԶӵСΪᡣ 

ϵϲ״ﵽ߳Λ 
ˮŪʪ֮һƬ칫ı棬ȥ 

ƽԺڰ칫ϣӹҸһСӣ˳ 
ȫؿڵСϸͼӡºϣ⣬ 
ϸλұնдϡסҲдˡ͵ 
Ծı 

ٴ˵ЩصϵϣֻǴ 
ԶӵģҲȫӵк֧һҪκж 
Эһݼϲһδﵽ߳ˮһνˮ 
Ūʪİ칫ϡ 

ΪףΪҽһοڽɬļ֤ȫûκοڽ 
ľ飬ҲͻȻٴδﵽ߳ʱʹқϡ˸е 
˼ÿڰǬQԺҲָδǬľҺȫ˱ 
ǬQڵϵһƬˮʹӰ칫µˮγˮ˵ 
õ̶ֳȵĿС 

֮ƷһͬŮϴּ䣬ٿϵӡ¡ʼ 
ϵľҺȫϴȥ´ƷһֻԤֵĴʩ 
ȴΪʽΪҵе¿ʼҶԸ˸е 
а 


صְԱ칫ңһεһָ˵򿪵ʮڿ 
ӯӯص״̬Ȼ쵽ǰĴ趨 

ҵһרΪԤĴ鱾Ȩרͼ 
ֻҪ㽫ϣͻ϶ΪһԶٷֿ 

ȻڴӴ֮󣬲ڴ߻ѵ״̬£Ὣҵκ˵ 
ΪȫΪȫִܺʹκηʽµ 
 

ңظ֮㽫Զǵúͷרͼ 
塣˽𣿡 

˵꣬֡ 

˽⣬ˡӯӯģһͼͽڶͷĶ 
˲ȫӺĿֺУͬһ˲ٴδﵽ߳ 
ˮ¡ 

趨ɣ˵ظѵʮڿŻؼϡ 

ӯӯٴλظѺ󣬱ٶȱ֮ǰ״̬µȫӺĿ 
ֺеı飬Ȼ֪űѾڶͷϣȻ 
ͷȻٴδﵽ߳ٴΪˮʼˮ 

Ϊ˲ŪʪƷȹڣȽȹſʼԻ 

ԸϼһǺţҶľȨҵľ 
𣿡ֻе飬רͼЧūϼ 
Ǻǿܻ˻ūͻΪıɵ㡣 

˱е˷ܣѨٴοʼˮˮɼе 
ش𣺡ֻҪ˵ҪļǺţһԶ 
ġ 

ȿڵ뷨ʣΪʺϼһּǺţ 
İţҽʵеġѾȷЩǲΪ 
˸Ĳȶˡ 

ˮԸٶȷںĴȣԸڴش𣺡ˣ 
ԣҽԶȫмǺţڶͷϼϴרͼ 
ļǺšһ˵һߴǩλÿʼ˳һָ 
һλһǺţַڶͷϣһε߳ 

ķӦҲеЦԷǣղΪʲѡڶͷ 
רͼΪûбдĲλʹȫѾϴǬQ 
ҲЩԵļǺţϣΪصһ޷ϡ 
ҳϵصҵū⣬ȫһԸа 
ϼױŮ 

Ҷ˵ 

ᣬѸʽļǺţΪ㰲ŵµ 
ʽµ 

ӽ쿪ʼ㽫ȫǰķʽֺ 
ܸ˴ЩҲָıӡ 

˵ദʱ򣬻ָĳϣ㽫ƺ 
Ϊˣƽƺҵķʽƺҡ 

Զȥµ˺ۣκʽ 
µ覴á 

㽫ÿγµκë跨ѵԼÿ 
ëĹ 

ͼ㽫ᴩκԷʱ㡣 

ԺÿǷҪͼݰ飬㶼ǰͼ 
ԵȺҵָʾ뿪ͼǰ㽫ᵽһΣָʾ 
ǰһͷι񙅣Ҫڵͼҡ 

㽫ƵϵκԼᣬȻԤҹĽڣѧ 
УƷϾʱͼݡֻҪԱ˵ҹرͼ񡻣Ǿͻ 
롣 

ֱ֪ͨ뿪֮ǰ㽫˳ƺҺǰ㡣 

㽫ԴƷȫְԱ칫ҵľ߻ҵмǺŵĴ 
ң뿪ǰ㽫ὫȫȫϴǬQϴȥҵмǺţ 
ԭ· 

ʵһǿп޵һǸϵοȻӦõġ 
ڴߴľԿ£ʱܹʹūеְԱĴ磬 
ūҲ趨˷Ĵ磬ֻǳ̶ûŶ 


ӯӯһǺŵʱѾµ 
ü˵ļǺţʼһʧ֪˸ļǺž 
ΪµʱϲõĸоٴοʼˮȻ뿪ǰ 
Ҫ˵мǺȫϴȥл¼˵мǺţ 
ͷϻдˡӯ鱾ȨרͼıȻ 
Ϊϲöٴεõ߳ 


ˣˡӸ߳ƽ֮ǸϤŮӯ 
һе㲻ȻĶȹڣһƽպҽ̸ش 



ӯӯ˵ѧǳæµʹûлʶѣҲ 
ûԾ飬Ը⻨ʱ׷ϡԼʹ 
ҪԤøõûзȹڵҪǰȹ 
ȻֵòȻ 

ΪӣοĴ٣ղڹҪǿŪ 
˫Ŀеֺ֧͹£ܹɹڶʱο߳ 
ܽʧȥ֮ʱǷеǳʹĴ֮Żһ 
Լһϲɡ 



ӯӯһ飬ҸƷٴŪ˫ 
飬ѨȻʪˣֻԴ̶̼ȵķӦû 
֮ǰΪױ׵شˮˡȻܹ 
һѾȴϣ״̬뿪 

һȥƷٷҡȥƷḺֵ́ 
˼ǵ֮ʼֵȻʼϰںһͬ 
ʱչ¶Լ塣 

ڰȥ֮ҽһ齻һβҪҺȵ 
ֱӛϣһʽļǺţĤҺͿ 
Ȼ˫ָΪһΣζؿϣ 
ϴƵͿĨؿں˫ϡһΪҿڽһϰο 
ٴε߳ʱѾٛ˼ΣҲȫؿϡÿΛ 
ʱͣҺͿĨϰֱ߳ʱ 
ڡ˫顢˫۶Ϳһ㾫Һ 

ԺһӸ߳ƽҵվʱŷ֣ 
µĵΪղĶθ߳ղŵһθ߳ٴγһ 
Ƭˮ 


ӯӯȻٴθ˵Ůϴϴ塣ղŽ 
ľҺͿĨʱе죬̫εĽϴҲȽ 
ʱڻûܹκȫͶִ˵ 
 

ȻΪȷϴȫԽĺۼŽ 
ּ˿ȫҲˣǰϴ軹Ǳ 
ֵе㲻˼ԣܽǷҪϴ裬һ˱ 
ƽʱϴľҺ˫ŵˮĺۼ 

⣬ٴܹΛҲԭ֮һǲҩ 
ǿҵֻܹʣѹ˻ 
ͼΪغuū˭뵽˻ỨʱһͼΪ 
ūĳ 

˽ûʽ壬ӦǵȵһʽϷ 
˵ʱɡȻûֱ 
ǰһҪ˽ǷҪˡ 

УȻֻΪֳΪū֮ǰԼ͹ûnͻ 
һж˸񣬵ͺһȫͨһͬ 
˵˫̥ãҽҲвִеĹοÿ 
ͼݵʱҲлᱻٻǰȥˣԲ 
ᷢҲΪŬ 

ˣһߺ˼һϴ裬߽Ůϴֱּ 
ϴ趼ûֹͣ졣 


صְԱ칫ңӯӯ´ƷҼʱѾ粻 
ۣʾ뿪ȴʾȻֻǵһ죬Ҳ 
ϣ뿪ǰ֪ǷҪǰˡ 

Ȼڲʶ˵ʱūĹ̬ȸе 
еΣǼȻԸ翪ʼūѵ˳Ȼɡ 

Һʹѭ糣طֱǰ 
û˵ΪΪΣֱһͷ 
񙅡Ҵȥţ뿪ǰҾϹ˵׼ʱңص 
ȹǬQëϴǬQƷǰҲϴʹͬһ׵һ 
δƷԱԺܹѱַңȻ´򿪵Ĳ 
 

ĿҵĵʮŮū뿪ҲΪպ 
Ӱе⡣ 

ֻѧڸлϵĳŮΪĿ꣬ӵеĴ䵽һ 
ڵÿһ죬ݶuʮŮūÿܹѡȡְ࣬Լ 
ǰĴӯӯֻΪǵʮ˶Ϊڶ 
̵ūȴΪΪūĽѡӴ 
Ϊӡ 

ӵеĴΪߵĹؼֵһֻһϰߣǶλΪ 
ӵвݵūһϰߣ֮ǰuūĲ˸Ϻ 
ԭ˸ûnͻҲģ˸ʱȻԲͬݼ 
ūĹӯӯǵһֺԭ˸˸񣬺͵һ 
ģ˸ʱȻִūĹӡ 


½ãǿʼɨڸÿuūĵ죬 
֮һ԰µĺۼÿ֮඼ǡڼ 
Ůū֮ǰȱһŮְԱ棬ÿڵ° 
ǰѡѡ 

ŮΪȽ϶ӴǵѧУƷװγƫãѡǵ 
ѧУƷΪū̹ʱƷѧŮ֮ûѧУƷŮ 
ǽʱƷ޸ĺóΪǵūƷ 

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ϴǵŮWƷͼݺŸ¿ʼĹֱӴ 
ŮūĿȱ𽥸ΪŮūõ㣬иˮЭ 
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ŮְԱǽūƷͼΪܵҪû֪ 
ʱӵְȨ˺׵ǰͼݣܹؿƿȴ 
ͻ¼ʱʹʱʧ 

ڽֵĳʱûоͼڵĴС䣬 
ҵڹﲻõķʹá 

Ůϴּ䡢ְԱ칫ҡˮɫϷﳣõĳǾʹõģ 
õǹߺͷÿͿңǼ͵ɳʺ 
ʳͶе볡أ̨͹ĿյҲԣȻܽ˼ 
ҵąܹ̃ľ󣬵һûмӰְԱñ;Ա 
Ѳ߶ƵܣһȽٵĵط֮һֻҪС 
ıܹᱻ֡ 

ԭѾԤ˽ūڼӯӯҪŮWչ 
ѵӯӯˡÿֻū£ٻᰲͬ 
һǰ̣ҲûⷽĴġҲǵһγʱٻ 
ŮWǰ̵ˣڻδҹȾ̵֪Ů 
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ǣ 

ȫԭδοκͼΪҪϷڽ 
߹̷ֶνʱȴΪжܼͬһɣ 
ֱܹṩж֧ԮĵصС˻дռ䣬ӭд 

ׯСġϧūչµĴСͼԱˣ 
ûдȮѵȸһɫϷȵ㣬ϣд 
ܹע⡣ 

󣬱޷ڴ߳ϵĴϲͻƣССȱ㡣




ȫ꣭
