ͼYĹ£ģ	
Ǹɲûڲ 
ͼݵĹ 
ڽһһ1꼶ѧ16꣬İþͼݿ飬Ȼʲô鶼ȽϲûرԣҪÿſκYͼݶܿһƮݣϲȹģԼ20ŮڽһӦĳѧѧ㣩ںŶԿ飬ϲĬĬǸŮ߿飬Ů棬ƺԼûзֹ 
죬ŮߣŮûעܰգִԱߵ˱飬ʼݲŷһѧ飬˷ܵYδߵݣȻֻһ㵫ȴһԱߵŮ룬ҪܹŮðǣΪĿڽļƴĲϡߵĽ˽ߣɴ롣 
һºһ˶Ϣȥˣһͼݣܺã˲ࡣһ뵽˿̫ˣȻڣܸˣΪҪʵĵŮˣûˣΧҲԶûᰡһʮ֪һµѧϰܷյɹ 
ĬĬ˱ŮߣŮûעһĲɵÿ飬ȴοʼ֣ҪɣҪרעעһһĬĬػϿݣܷɰרעĿ飬ˡһΪԼ뷨еˣа취ˡ 
һ飬װ߶Чʵؾ̫󣬵ԱߵŮȻע⵽ˣ۾ɨ˽һһ£Ƕͼ˵е죬̶̵һ˲һ׽ˣȥȣҪɣʲô룬ʲô롱ΪͼݻˣһѹʹͳҪĶһԱߵŮСȵһ˼ˣŮ߽壬ȴȻ֪ 
ţ߷鱾ϣؿÿһ֣ÿһ֣һֿ˿ŮܺãŮҲʵ·ѣÿһ֣ͻӷɣһнһУԽԽɣ㱻ϵˣˣĿԽԽ벻鱾һнһУһнһУԽԽɣ㷢ÿYÿֶʮˣһһֵĿһһֵĿÿһͻӷɣӷɡһֿ˿ŮרעĿ飬ͫķŴʱˣһ. 
ƤԽԽأÿһͻƤһЩһЩþˣԽԽԽԽƤҲˣ۾ˣ˯ȥˣ˯ȥˡԺYֻҵһŮͣգ۾ıˣûһ˷ܵķɹˣҪĵؾǼ˯ߵ״̬ʹŽ@״̬ 
ԺYֻҵҵԽԽɣԽԽɡ˯ԽԽ˯ԽԽһظţܽţʱ˴ţǾǰˣҲǰǱŽ. 
ڣ㽫κκǰһ飬ܸȤһж֣㿪ʼ֣ÿһͻɣͻ˯ߣ㿪ʼˣһ֣֡,һŮŮҲĸһӣ֣ 
ŮԽԽСʮһֵʱŮûͷҲȥһ˼ˡ 
ڳҵҲܲκε飬۾Ȼ˯Ů۾һɹˣСĵ̽ţŮĸ첲ûзӦѪҺˣַŵŮĴϣųȹĦŮĴȣûзӦΧĻʱû˹û󵨵İַŵŮβʹ˼ŮβûзӦоѪҺȼգȣԸʵˣϸϸĹ۲ŮǰûôֻŹ۲ģŮ壵üë۾Сɵ촽ֻ۾ô񣬴ţƤգһ̫ˣôһƯĴΪߣ;˷쳣ʵŮ˵Ĳͬˣ뿴Ůزֺ±˷ֻ֣ӵ»ˡ 
忿Ůǰסӣѹ飬һŮĴȣĴӴϣŮСظţŮСƽ̹ûһ˿׸⣬ִŮĳȹ˽ȥߵȹƿˣŮ۵ĴȺԲβаɫڿߣĦŮĴȣֻ˴ڲ࣬еһɳʪȵĸоѳѪˣӲָŮڿ㣬ȴëһ϶϶һ˴꣬Ҳʵַ϶лиСǽָͷָȥеⶴY氼͹ƽůʪӦ˰ѡ룬һ㱡ĤʱٶȳѪԾָŮسͣͬʱһϮ侫ˡ 
ͻ뿴Ů˵ëԼëʲôͬǣֵͣĶʳָָ˳ŮëҵһȽϳģʹŮüë£ͻȻ뵽Ĵ̼ʹŮѣеһ£ŮȻڳ˯״̬Ůëõǰ£һ壵Ů㴫ȻСİëŵЯѧ֤YŮȹҲȥɲ̫ȻۿԵ֮š 
ְַŵŮСظţȹӺڿѰŸղѷ죬ȹϻָϸĵš˺ܾŷ֣ûиŮ´ߵİʾ 
üҵ𣿡 
˺ܾòŮ˵üȻûи飬ܴܺࡣ 
֮ʱڸʲôһĳ˯״̬? 
֮סŮĵĴ 
ôһƻᱻ֣硭һ뵽һаİ취 
ٴδʱͻǣ˰ʾָ㲻ǵøղŷκ飬ͬʱҶκ㶼޷𣿡 
ǡ޷סŮеĻش 
һŮŮ۾ãȻ󣬼ˡ 
Ǵһ룬̽ԵŮĸ첲̧Ůһ㷴ӦûУؿ飬ǣһȷţָɹˣ󵨵İִŮ°룬Ȼӳȹ϶˰̽Ůڿ㣬ĸŮŮض飬һû˫ŮҪش֣һڿһεıŮڿһŮëһСʱʱָռŮŮʼûз֣ؿ飬ûʶѾСкߡ 
һŮеĳʪȸоʱͻȻ˿ĽŲѸٵİִŮȹаγװ뿪λʱſǹԱʼѲ飬գߵǰ˱˳Ů棬ʱԱѾԶˣ˿Χûˡ 
ѧϰ˺ٰһп룬ͬʱѸٵָ˴ŮزеԣҺܴ󣬽һUְ˹ȥʹŮ鷿ڴ֤ʵĸоеԡܴΪŮǰû˿ǲһˣЬˣȻѽ쵽ŮȹY֮䣬ýֺڿĦŮŵĸоýľͷˣţʱػһֻţ˷ܵøоһһŮؿ飬ûвڿֵʱȥˣŮ±ϣ뿪λ׼ˣһѽ˻Ůʱ˰ʾָ֮ŮôͻȻվס˽һ࣬һŮȹףָŮȻֿٵ˻ͬʱ˵ԱŮ˳˽һߣһְַŵŮڿY 
һȥY 
͡ݡŮ˵һһȻ쵽緹ʱˣ룬ŮԺÿ綼YߣYʱǴ£𡭡ǰְһ뵽ڿ㡣 
ÿͼݡ¡Ůش 
棬ҵִڿóʱ㲻ǵøղŷ£ҵָʾ𣿡 
.ס 
һְָŮ˼£İִŮڿ˳Ů˫Ҳܿſˣãողôôˣû̫࣬ɴͼſȥ֪ѾΪһСкū 
һŮıӰͻȻ뵽ûŮ֣ܿȻˣܶ࣬һȼһаڲ֪жˡ
ͼݵĹ£ 
ڶ磬һ׼ʱͼݣѡһѱ˷ֵĵ 
λҲͼݵһߣǰպһܵǰ棬 
Yʮ֪Ů᲻ҪǷǵðʾĵ 
ţͬʱŽ飬ʱͻȻеԱ߶˸ˣ 
Ҫ跨֮뿪ʱԱߵڴѾõŮŮ 
˱Ŀţˡ 


Ϊ֤һŮϴεİʾǷЧʼϸù۲ŮŮ 
ǰԵͻ㣬ĳȹȹҲڿĺ 
Чġ󵨵룬ͬʱȲİŮȹڣ 
ϴĴиŮYյģͬʱһ飬Ҫĸ޷ 
İʾЧĻ 

ŮӦ׼ʱһٵ˵֮Ůĺûˣͷǰȥ 

աһٵţΪղŵĳ嶯е£ 
ŮûзӳСĵĴ˿Χ˵ƺû⣨Ҳû 
ˣ 

۾Ȼ˯Уҵ޷ 
εҲ޷Χ¡һ 

Ů۾һ񣬽һؿŮ 
Ӻ޽ֱǰͫҲˣ 
ˣͬʱҲĹİŮȹŮ 
صشڵչǰϸöķݣ 
˵Ӱֵ֮ţҲ벻ĵطˣ 
ǻǾYˣܳʱ䱣İȹӷ 
ȹYظŮƽ̹Сʱʱָŷ 
϶ĻȻռŮصĽ 


һϸỬĸоУͻȻ뵽֪Ů 
ǣ˵ʲô֣ 


ӡŮ޸Ļش˽һ⡣ 

ԭӰ֣ףһڷͻȻʪˣ 
Ů˽ӿϪ˳յǰţ 
ӦǴ˵еˮɣãʪʪġ뵽 
Ůڿʼĸоȥˣ㽱޷֪һ 
룬زĸо ֲȻŮ˽Ϫ 
ˣһ˿ʪĸоĸоˡһ롣 

֪Ա˭𣿡 

֪Ůʵ 

ԱѧܣͬʱϲκҪ㶼Ӧ 
𣿡һ̽˵뷨 


ŮüͷڲǲҪ̫ 
һε뵽 


ѧܣСӦöչ˶𣿡һѭѭ 
ա 


ԡŮƺȻش˽һ⡣ 


ѧչʱӦõģҪ㶼𣿡һ 
һּۻۡ 


ԣҪ󡣡ŮĬø˽һ 
Ĵ͡ 


һʮּҵָزʱ 
Ҷκκ鶼ȻоʣԻ飬 
𣿡˵Լ뷨ҪȻŮᱻ˷ֵġ 


סŮǲȻ֪ԼѾ׵Ϊ 
Աкߡ 


һİִŮ½˽ȥŮǸʵ 
ŮͷŮҲҡҡͷѹ˿һͼ 
ˣܾʲôϷˣȴ֪ʲ 
ô 


һڸزʱƺܣŮ 
ѧ㣬·ļſӽ⿪ܡһ˸ί 
飬Ůͻشõġͬʱ⿪Ŧ 
ۣõ𣿡ŮȻԣ˶ 
ӦȴȻݲľܾѧܡһŮ 
£ûǰĿĸоǱл⡰ллѧ㣬 
ˡͬʱһԼõִиеʮ⣬ȷֿ㣬ҪȻ 
һôˣŮ΢΢ԥ»ǰ˫߷ֿ 
ˡ 


˴ԼСʱһͻȻٿһ۸ղĹȣҲ 
Щˣ˷ǿɲðˣܣһϱ 
ѧǵüû˵飬˴㡣 



ѧ㣬ǵȥɣYѧܺõġһ 
ε˵ 


ŮȻϲ£ѧܵҪҲֻΪˣ 
еŻԭܣȻŽһһܵY棬Y 
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ؿԻվYʱ顣һŮȹY棬 
ŮĴȸñǻ˷ܵĹŮĹȣˣ 
ôľ뿴Ů˽һ޵һ 
£Ů˽ഺŮϢ˸ϸϸĿÿ˶ 
֮ţг˸п˺Ů˵𰡡ֿ˽ϵ 
ϸ죬©Yۺ⣬ֿԿڰڵһ͸İ 
ĤŮĤ޺ûаȫһ롣 
ǰϿAƬǣͷŮеɬҲ 
ͬʱ˫ҲŮβŮֻ 
˵˾䡰һʼ˱Ůͬʱͷ 
˽ȥζԣ˫ƶȹ 
ŮYŮ鷿еԣ˫᲻뿪 


һǴŮȹ˳Ѿ湻ò 
˭ҲȷYû˳ϸĵĲ鿴 
Χ֪ȷû˺ŰַŮСϸȹĦ 
ŮŮȹʵغܺãҲһĸо 


һһοΧ󵨵Ľ⿪ŮµĿӣ·ֿ 
ŮǰͷǷۺɫͷΣ 
ΡһY̾͵סһͷ˱ͻȻ 
뵽СʱҲô˱ĸģһɻĸоȻ 
̧ͷ˿Ůеء롣 


ͻȻеԼСܵǵܣɲҾ͵ŮŮ 
ŮĤҪεģӺð˳Ҳ룬ڸ 
ʲôһŮ鷿һŮ˽YҲһ 
ͷûнץסŮ֣ 
ڿ㣬ŮŪԼһᣬ̲סˣԼ 
ԼڿYһЩҺŽŮYŮ 
üͷ˺þãڽһҪ»ǽҺȥ󣬽һӺ汧 
סŮŮľķ㣬ֻҲŮ 
˽ 


ʱ䣬ڿֵʱ÷ɿ찡ͼݾҪչˡ 


֮һָŮȫʧȥһϽ 
ͬʱ˿ֺͣ޷ĸоýһ˷ޱȣְַŵ 
Ů˽ֹסŮĵʹŮ岻» 


绹YȻǲ£ҵߣΪ 
žÿģĶ飬𣿡һΪʱδˡ 


סŮеĻش 


ʱȻǵýָҶκ㶼Ϊ 
ȻֹYȻЧɲϣʱľٴη 
زĸоҲʱ֏ͣϲҸ˽ĸ 
ϲҴ鷿ĸо𣿡һ 


סϲŮûκβ 
Ļش 


棬ʱҵİʾ㲻ǵøղŷ 
κ¡һ뵽˯˵Ĺ££ȻŮ 
ĳǣ׸ֵ֪Ů 


Ů˹ãһ󣬿һЦˣһһԵ 
̬ȣƿŮȹӣŮֻüͷˣ޼ɵİ 
ŵŮ˽ĸŮһѽһĹ 
ͷŪˣͼݵĹԱܵļƻ 


ͼݾҪչˣͬѧǰŻԭλ˳ 
ᣬǴҵĺ£һԹǿĵĶŮ˵ѧ 
㣬Ҳȥɡ 


ðôˣҲûȥˡŮĻ˵ 
ûֻȹYε֮֡һǳĸо 
ʼʲôµϷڽһĻŮ֪ 
£뿪ͼݣ֪YʲôϷ 
һͷ˿ͼݣYǸãҽһá̾Ĵ 
ͬʱԱߵŮԶҪŮؼˡ

ͼݵĹ(2) 


һڽYʦںڰдʲô˵ʲô޷ȥ 
YһֱͻطÿϸСĻڣǵķε 
ԼǸϻ塢ʮĸоͬʱҲеڴ 
ţڴšʱ䡱١ 


¿ˣһڿΣҪ55ӣһ̾ϢҲΨһ 
ܹʳ֪ζĽһȤضͻȻͬ--ΪУ 
Сԭںͬѧʱ˵һǳ֡ 


ʶѧ㣬ӣǸ߲һʲô 
ⶼѲءĽƯִ治֪ѧϰģ 
ôСԭ˵ΧҲһƬĽ 

һܳԾôɰѣǣʵ˵ǲӡ 


СԭܳԾͬƽճմģҪѧϰãƶǵ 
ξȻ̸ǰôˣɻĻش˽һ⡣ 


ǲǸӺҲ࣬ͷϲȹԼʮꡣһһȷ 
ϡ 


ô֪СԭԾĺ˳ 


һСҲУͻȻ뵽ϿʱԼĸп---Ҫ 
ѧУҲ˷ܵĸоãһСԭ⣬ааЦ 
ˡСԭߴٵĿнһն 


Ҳʶѧ㣬һһѧϰؾء 


ƭˣҲšСԭ˽һµȦס 


ȥѧ㰡ÿ׼ʱͼݿģҾ 
Yʶġһʱ˵˰СʱҪȥ¡ 


ðͼݼʱѧҪǲڣ͵ȫͬѧ 
ѧССԭ嶯塣 


ãһΪһYַ죬һߡ 


ѰһڿΣһɿܻؼҳ극͵ͼݣ˱ 
ͿʼķСԭ۾˼ʱˣ 
һк˽һ 


ô簡ѧܡ 


ޣѧ㡣һӦͬʱַŽӵȹڣʼ޼ɵĸ 
˽ӷͬʱıü٣Ҳе㷢 
ˡ 


֮һ˹ؼʣΪӵЩͬʱ 
ЩҪؼֺȵĴ״̬ 


ʶСԭ𣿡 


ϡʶӵĻشýһˣļƻ 
ʵС 


һϲʶңҪشʶҽһѧϰ 
ķãỌ̇̄ɾ裬ҵĴ 
ߣҿʼʱһƨһ£ʱ㽫žգ۾ 
ƨʱ5գһ۾ƨʱڽʱ 
ÿƨʱգ۾ʱգ۾ʱҪıϣٵ 
βʱİ۾ϽڵĴ״̬𣿡һ˵ 
ķ 


ס 


õģҵָ˽ʱܱĸо 
㲻ᷢҲֳҵø飬Ǵ£ 
ҵİʾһָŮ˽ʼسˣΪдŮĤ 
Ķ 



Ҷڽһָʱ˹ҧ´崫Ŀ 
УĲһĵĿ飬һֻȴ 
¡ʱĽӽ4㣬Ůǲŵˣһշ˸ 
Сԭˡ 


Сԭòҵ˽һǣҪˡΪ 
һ˸ӣͽһһʱȵŴ죬һݵ 
ִӵȹڳɲ뱻˻ɣЩԹĿһ۽ 
һڻֿУһ֣ʾСԭǷԼ 
쬵ģϸһԭȫʪˣæŮȹϲɾ 



ѧ㣬ʶСԭ֮С 


ǺǣȻˣһַѧУءӰվ籾 
˵ 


ƭˣѧһǴͨˣһƭҵİɣСԭǲ̫ 
š 


ǵģСʲôʱƭˡԹ 


ǵģѧҲǸ˼ѧеСæǸͬʱݺݵĵ˽һһۡ 


ҿûƭ㣬һֱڻɰһʼνġ 

Բ֪ˣЧͦมջ˵ 


ǡ԰ɣҪǲѧҪҳԱ谡С 
е㻳ɡ 


˺ôԣðҴӦСèӳЦЦ 
ǲ̫ѧѣɷɣҪɵ 
ʱЧõġϸִ 


СԭɵĲʱһʼյСԭͬѧ뿴 
ѧ۾Կ۾һգգĿ۾ 
ƨɡ 


ۻġСԭ 


һû˵Ҫ˵ĿԽѧ۾ 
䣬ԽԽ㣬ԽԽɡ 


Сԭ죬ǣ˳ӵûз 


ԽԽɣԽԽɡԽԽ۾Ҳ벻˫˵ 
۾ԽԽɣԽԽɣģأֻҵ 
ҵһӵƨ£ʼգ 
۾ 


˫۾ĿϣԽԽϣĿ۾ԽԽ 
ԽԽ۾벻˫۾ԽԽɣԽɡ 
˫۾㿴һȴʱźϣÿźһ͸ӷɣ 
źʧʧˣˣеʮ룬 
˯ȥ˯ȥ㿪ƤԽԽԽԽ 
ȴĿϿʼգۣգۡһ؏ţֱ 
Сԭ۾ʼͣգӵβ 


ÿգ㶼ٴνգԽԽ٣ԽԽۣ 
ԽԽ۾ԽԽ˯ȥ˯ȥһ 
ֵβ죬Ҳ˳ӵգ۾Сԭ۾ 
Ҳʼͣգţÿգһͱʮѣһʱ죬ֹͣ 
Ĵתʼӵβӵ۾ıˣСԭ 
Ҳ֮ 


ֻҵΧһж޷㣬ҵԽ 
ԽɣԽԽɡ˯ԽԽԽԽһ 
ʾšǰһ飬ıÿһҳͻ˯ 
Խ㿴һҳȫĵ塣ҳ 
Խ˯Խҳֻ˯ȥҳ 
Խ˯ԽҳԽ˯ԽһֱСԭ 
忿ϣͷ׵²ֹͣյػڲȴ 
ʱиоڶԴ߳ɹʱһǵĸоǳ 
ԡ 



ڽһԵߣһҸĸо 


ʲô֣һ·ˡ 


СԭӡϵģŮһشʱ 
ҲڴСҴ˲ҵĻ𡣡 


סŮһش 


һȵסСԭСȶ˵֪˭𣿡 


ڽһҵͬСԭʵ㱨 


ϲô 


ϲɵɵСԭýһߣҪɵ 
𣿡һ롣 


ϲѧ𣿡һı乥·ߡ 


ϲ 

ѧĽһܰѣΪѧ˵Ļȷġ 


һܵġ 


ΪѧĽ飬㶼ܣҪʲôǶã 
𣿡 


סȻЩԥǣСԭǴӦˡ 


ڸʲô˵֮ʱ㶼ڵĴ״̬ 
𣿡һȰѱá 


֮ס 


СԭİʾֻܵYˣʼYͻƿڡ޼ɵİ 
ַŵӵȹڣռ˽֪ܵ˵ȷֵĿһ 
Щ˳ӵķֿ˫ȣԱߵСкڵġӡ 



һὨСԭҵָʾٴθŪβʱὨȥϴ 
ּѵڿ㣬ѧϰкôһЦȵסС 
ԭŮͬʱ˵ܳɹǶ⣬Ҳٴ 
ʱǻǴʱ飬ҵİʾ˵꣬һͬʱ 
ֽšŮͬʱ˹ 


棬ͬѧôġСԭһ˵ 


ѧûƭɣҪѧܵĻҪҪŻ̸õķ 
֪ʱ˵ 


šðɣҾģʲôСԭԥ 
ȫס 


ȹҿһʿҪ 


㡣ܹ֡Сԭߣǣѧָʾìܡ 


ûʲôҲȰ 


Ȼѧô˵ôôǺԥ 
ȴȷİԼѧȹ 


סȹǡһ˵˱׼ 


Сԭ뷴ԣͿӵһֻۣйԹԵסȹӣ 
ȹ·ȫ¶ˡ 


ɫĲܣÿɰڿ㰡һ۵һҲںСԭŭ 
Ŀ⡣ 


һСԭעʱ쵽ӵ󣬸βҪС 
ԭǿҪġ 


Сȥϴּڿ˰ɣԸõѧϰ㿴Ҳû 
ء˵ӻȹƿСԭ˿һǰѹؼֺɤ 
ϣҪСԭǾˡСԭȻԾֻŴСְ 
ס 


ȥӴߴٵ 


Сԭüͷվϴּȥ 


һСԭߺ󺰳˴߰ʾ֮ 


ŴеӣͻȻ뵽ղŶôΣգԼ̫Լˡ 
㻹Ĵ״̬С۾û˿ 
࣬ʮֵһְַŽӵȹ 
ڡһᣬСԭˣͨ죬Աߡһ 
˵ 



СѧܵԱߡӻе˵СȻЩɵǻ 
ѧĽ飬˽һߣ֮һС˴״ 
̬ȻҸ˭˭˵Сûиʱֻѧ 
Ļ𣿡 


ס 


һӵ˽һ˵ʲô˵ʲ 
ô׵ĻͼнȡԼĴȺһʼӵĴ 
ˣСϲѧ㣬𣿡Ҳ؏Ļ 


ǵģҺϲѧ㡣Сֻشѧʡ 


ԣѧҪʲô㶼ԥȥ𣿡һ 
˵ 


ǵģһɵȥСƺֻ֪شӵĻȻûע 
һ 


ӴڽһָʾҪʲôʲô㶼 
ӣ㶼ܣΪѧĻѧĻ𡣡һ 
˵ 


ͬѧĻסС˵˽һҪĴ 
񡣽һִ˽˳һִֻСĴϣ 
۵Ƥһиŵ 


С˭ 

ڽһͬѧ 


ѧҵָʾ𣿡 


ǡСüͷԽһӡ̫ 
 


ôҶʲôҽʲô㶼е֣Ȼܣ 
𣿡 


סһ˿ڽˡ 


Ĵ󵨵ذֻСȹڣʼ˽Ȼ 
ûëù⻬˽Сѵû죿һС 
ۡͬʱһֻӵȹڡ˵˽Ĵ 
нȣǧ˸пϵۡ 



ҵ뿪ǵ˽ʱǻǽǵøղŷ 
£ңҶʲôǶ⣬Ҷ˵ʲôǶ 
ܣǻϲҵİʾһֱЧ׵Ļͽȷ 
Ůֿ˴ȣһִŮг˳ 
ˡ 



ѧ㡢СǵȹƿҪǵ˽һ 


ðŮĻشⲻ֪ӴǾͳǰк˽ 
ߡ 


һĿʱ⣬Խ˽ɫԽأС 
˽ѧƯЩأѧ˽СָҪءһ 
 


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