
ԸΪ꡿
 





¿ʱǿصóֻ˵ӰֻпһЩö˵ʲôöѽ˵ Լɣ˾С

տƬ˵ⲻ԰ʲÿģ뿴ĻԼÿƬͺ

Ƭ޵ƣŮ˭鷿۰۵ģģߣ ҶţţĻѾƬѷȥˣϹϺ޲Լ ƬеǸˣƬϵŮ˸úòһ١ʵǻǳһѧǲѧϰ֡

ΪƬҼöˣԱ鵽ƬһǣûоʲᣬǾò̫Ծתͷ һۣҶʱ۾ֱˣ

ҰѽƬ˹ʣ⣡ЩƬ˭յģ

ǿ˵ôˣɣϵó˭ǰĵģ˵ǺڸŮʱĵģģ ۼôľͺˡ

۾רעǰƬ治ġӳŮվԡҵĵطԼ ǽıשϣȻи˴Ӻʹһ˫֣·鷿תŪźɭ ĽأȻֻһż򵥵İƬעȴЩע⵽ģƬŮСȵĵط Ů˵ıӰϸĽϱһ׹ˣȻ̫׿ǿƵó ųġ±߻һƬҲһգƬϵŮ˱̧ߴȻַƬǴӱ յģ˲޷Ů˵ĳֻ࣬ܿŮ˱̧ߵĴϻŰɫ˿ࡣ

ġ鷿ϱߵǿС룬ССϵ˿࡭˫ɫĸ߸Ьϸţ ɫҰ˿Ĳ߻Եһֻѽ

ôᰡһǰ衣

һǰһ硣С˭ѽһμҳҺ˵껰󣬰ҵ һСåҲǵıˡ

ϴһɫİ͸ӳһԱһֻۺɫסķ飬һɫ 㳬ȹȹһ˫޳ְȣȹ⻬ۣűˮ͸ɫͲ˿࣬´ һ˫ɫϵЬ˵һ˫ѽĳȹиڣԿˮ͸ ɫͲ˿ȣֱĴȸǸ߶һһϵģԿ˿ϸ ߻Ƶڽ۵Ĵȣ˿ϸ߻ƵڽӴļˮ͸ɫͲ˿ ΢ݽȥ贩ʽĳ˿࣬ؿȸѩ׻ļ

¿˫Ŵһ˫ɫϵЬЬָϸЬǼϸ˫ ԵĽؼ޳ʮֺֺ׶޵ĺ룬Ь¶װ׵ĽֺͿ˷ۺɫָͣ ʮƬССĻ꣬Ե÷ǳԸСĽűϸۣӳźǵĺɾ ȥ¡

֪˼衣ʵǲ֪ͲһŮˡ黹Ҫǰ˵ ҵİְһˣңʱתҵص磬Ϊعֵ̾һɳҵ赱ʱʮ ꣬ˣҸһתҵ˺ءһ֣ʮԵóԸУ͹£ ɢԵջĵ鷿ۼͦλԲеԣһ˫ֱĴѩ׷顣Ǹط Ů˳öͦģʱһŮһϽ־˶еĲš

Ǽҵڵʱغõģ豻ѧУʱʦ

һְֱԺ˴ˣҲˣ֪Ϊְ˼ҵĻ¸˽ҷ˳ 

ǵһ磬ѧˣΪڰͬѧ۸ңûȥϿΣڼԼ ң˵ŵҸϽ굽˴£ҼҷӲһҵķ 

Ŵ򿪺󣬽ˣ贩Űɫ˿ϵĶԼϥؼֵĺɫһխȹ ɫ͸˿гȹѩȳƵСȸϸۣЬǳǳ΢¶ֺİɫ߸ЬЬ΢̵ βĵԽӯӯԲϸĳͦ˫壬̬ȻСϵĻɫС˵ͼؼ Ӱ˲٣˶ҲǺ͵ġ

һҲϤҵһԶ磬˵ǱʵҲУˣݵͣһϵƵ ϰ壬ҼҰϵΪٽһЩ˰֮ġǸɫдһһ¥ʱ ҷǶѩ׵ȡ׳͵Ŀ磬ظ`ʵļ⣬ͦ ģУ֡

ڿºһ裬ڴ·֣һ˵һ͵زСӵ ⼸ľͿ鹵һ࣬ҸԵҲĿֻ˵ żЩѣûµġ

˵ɽȥ֣ΪʲôǼһֱͲ̫áż㿴㡱 ҲվְԲļϡ

˵갡㡣ãֲû뿪ļ򣬶ĸĦ˵ֻҪ ˵Ҫͻû¡ûоֻ֣ļԼɷ򡣡̫ллˣôæ ٵˮ˭֪ʱҲվϵȥһֻе 鷿ŵüæվ벦֣ɺ޷鷿ڱ˿֯ѱñ Σ辪ֵýвŤ֮ϵľ˿խȹȲŤʣ¶ɫ͸ ˿ŵĽ˵ķȡһϮϸխµİ͸˿СڿոסСϵŵëڱ ͸Ƚϴ󻬵ϣɿĻ뵭һ˺ ͸ľϸխİ͸˿Сڿ㣬Ȼֱ㳯Сȥ

Ҫ𰡣һ߶űԼϵĳ죬Ѿе ֻϸ͸ɫ˿࣬͸ľ˿Сڿ㣬ԼɬĻϺҵŪ

紭Ŵ˵ͰҰɣ̫ϲˡ

ѽŶĵҡͷѱϵ죬ҵıŤ ĵ˫ˮ롭

һ߸˿ʽŪ鷿һ˺˿ʽڣӾ㵵Ŀ Լ鹵ƯСŦ۵ڵϹɳ£ɫȴֻרעǰɢһƬɫϡ ѱ罫ϸ۵š󣬸첲ʹʹ˽ż⣬뿪ϸϸЬŽֺϸ ɫ͸˿ۣԵûŸ߸ЬϸĽű쳣ˡѽҪʧȥֿ ҧűݣ޷ֹķ۾鹵ȥĽ࣬缱еİ˿ʽ ϰڱ䣬ļ˿ϱϸխļŰ붵Űıɴ˿֣ɫ΢¶ׯ ǿĳϸϸּƬ״˿ɴϱεֵֻ鷿к˿ʧȥƯ˿ ǻؼ鷿ڱ׷ŤȥķɫͷεȻǱ ǿȣһŮһŮ˻ȵķӳͬӿӲϱͷɧ ̼ʹؼҺ˫ȹڣŤ֫ϣһ߸һű͸˿Сڿ ɫ͸˿΢͸Űβ

ѽҪоˣĺȣԱ˿ûãñͣһ¡ ǻ̼һ޿ֵӡ

ҽа﷢¼˻ְ΢̵β ƯĹɷɢŰĿ£ɲ³˺ѳɫ͸˿ɢҳƬ§ ϸխİ͸˿Сڿ㵽䣬ƷɳϣСʪֻҲŪҲ ŪڵĶ˵ţϸխ͸˿Сڿ㾭߸Ьһߡ

ߵʹͨ죬֪ζӦĽ˫ҡͷű

ѽҪֻƯ׹Ө׵֮䣬ڵϸ۵ Сʱʹ費ɵĸеźͺ£

Ҫȥˣ紭ŴŪűƵɳϵİСʪİ ѽʹҪءխ˺ѰʹʹȫݲҰס

찡ҵһμֳִֺƤףȴŸ߸Ь һһߵģʱҵҲ˷Ӧ

ǸޣҵʱŻˣ֪Ӧʲô

ʱ˫ѱַ˿ױ¶˳˿̵裬ͷ磬糺죬 㣬̬ˣҲ̲סˣסԼŭͦ׼ɳϵݺݲ롣

ִӲ˳ʪȵѨصز˽ȥ˳һ嵽ףеԼʪȵСѨȻ һִȵļһһݵĳʵкǸ̷һı͵ؾŤ ҷƨҪɱ˫رסƨɣʹ޷ѣžһһ ůܵѨصس

ڻ찡ǽ۵ܴôֱһ԰˷ܵ ƮƮɣеܵѨסԼͻȻͷƨһһ̧ģ ˱ĿУرסҡŵıƨɣس

ڱ񱩴³ļ£ׯĵ󼸺Ǻ޷ƾţϴ йš

ɳ轿۷屻ȥֵһԷ鷿ҲõƵԾš

˫ĿƵ̣ţֻٵײŵĴ вˬȻһξͷ⵽ֵζĴݲϺٺԹԵض Ҳǿȡ

ɳϣԼĿϣˣֻⳡجΣƻվ ŷֿĴȣļϣһ壬Űɫĳ£ 鷿ڳµӳԾţһͦһͦϹţ˫ֻӯʺƨɣɺ ò˫ۻסĲӣҡϸ֫ǿ۾ 

һ˫ѩ׵ĴȴڵϣΪԸС豻ٵƵԺ䷢

Ūһ󣬱վɳϣɷҲԹʽԺɳ ӣ۷Բ¡̵ķΡ

϶ûйӲȻβСĵŤţ±ˮҰ϶ ƨۣµȹסϰƨɣĵļԵİ徧ӨΪ˵ľֹһ ͨ죬ǻƻϼŹɳϵٸ粻㣬߼͡

Ҳ಻סٿֳס㷢ʹ׸߸ߵ𣬽ɰնʱ ɬƨϵķۼŮеܰ͹⻬費ȻŤƨ ȻǼӲȵļͼһ̽轿۵ƨۣаԲ°βġ

ҪҡҪҵϹҲûСһǰͼ ӳ˫ϥÿŲ£˫ϻ̼֪ ǵسå

߼Σſɳϣ߸߰۵ԲΣ޹ǵسűһ Ĵ󼦰γĸѰߵĿУ΢С죬Ľģ üëԹ͸һ˿˷ܣѾְ״̬ˡĳʵӳʹĵײ˼ȵ߳ܺ УеԲԼɷ򣬿ͬʱѲ˽ȥ޷԰Σһ־ͷʹ ŬʹȴĿǰĴ

ʱԲβͷǵȫȫĳڱǰ

Ũܵëһֱ쵽šûǰ˫ֱ述ӯһյС ٸǹͻĶ׮ƵĶŪš

ֻøŵƤѾˣģߵĦһ˿϶ûˡ

㣬һ㣬ܲˡһ㣬ҪҪءء ǰɡİԽԽˣķҡڣҪҵĳ塣 ƨŤԽֻǸҵĹͣѽءม ǱҲ޷Լļ飬ķ˵һԼ ˫סĴȣִ׮ƵģһصֱͦֱСƨֺףѾ ǵ޶ȡĴ߰Сⶴûһ˿һ϶

šš跢ʶ

øоֱżͣȵļÿγ鶯ĥڣλŮ Ƕô°ĸصĺóý

ͷںڴ׳ļĻԲ۵ƨмǽСϸ۵ĸڽţλ߹ؼ ׯŵıȴֻƴܣ̫ˬζʵ̫ˣһһʹѵ ĽϵĸƵĳ롣

ĬĬĿ籩꣬ڿʼţƨɿѵ ˡٸѽҰɡңҰ ҿЩ塱ͬʱļҲԽԽ˷ܣҵĳ壬ɿظ ͬһ

ֿʼƨϴžžž۵ƨɿʼֺɫӡ ˷ܣѵõˡ

ʹĺţֹģĥֻЩЩ룬 ĺ϶дŵĺ費ϵִպ ǳʹݷлոš

裬ϵ󡭡㣬󡭡㣬ңҰɣҵġҵ壬 ЩҰɣܲþȫӽţھסذţ Ұɡ졭ҡҡ

ǱļͻǼµسţ֮⣬޷ֻ֮ܰͷ˫֮䣬 һƾ塣

ļֽխֹȵĸصڷͣ⽥ӿ

һ߼ӿٶȣһķΣ죬㣬죬졭Ҫй ƾѵԾоڵӴִ󣬼Ծγ֣Ϊ˾ĳ ò̧ͷſС죬㡭áˡҵĺø硭 ҵɡҡҪˡ͡졭ҡ̫ǿˡѽ ֪Ů˴ʱ黰˵˷ǿҵĴ߻ãԲòǿ裬΢Ŀʱѵ ݺݼĸ߳

Ұο͵͵ͬѵɷȡԼɷɣȻ̼ ˸߳ʶĽס˫裬϶Ĳƨ۵ľͷͷһһţ϶ֱ³ Ĺ̵ľҺһһɹɹ̵ľҺĸţļ̼ƨҲ͵ ˣűļ䣬üӣҲ֮һչſʱ˶񱻳ȥ ˹ͷƵģ̱ɳϣֻ¶Ų΢΢ŵķ۵Ĵƨϣ׵ĸؿһʱ޷պϣ Բʴһһɴ׵Һƨﻺ˳һľɫ

ظۻΣ·˶ʧȥҵʶŪţʮ㣬 ҲʹõƨѾպϣһ˿׵ľҺӽպϵƨ۷϶·˵ոܵĴݲС ˻һۣЦҵıָ㻹ûйɣôҵļһ Ϲǿ˰ɣݺݵض㡭

ǣڸͰôأǿԭ

ǿùƬ˵ŮҲ찢ڳǱߵСɽձѵ£Ǻ һ߹һֱŮ˵ƨɣŮˣʶǾ͸Źȥˣû ɽϾ͸ˣǱװȥǸеĴˣǸŮˡǸеһǱ 硣

ΪԺ󣬱һֱھ裬鵽һôѽһ˹һ磬ǿ صض˵벻ʶһ㣿

ʲô㣿

Ǹѽǿ˵

˵ڸǽҪȥǼҵǼũ档ǿ˵֪ȥʲô϶Ůˡ ÿǶǸΪǿҵķӣǼҷӵķϿԿȫ

һͬˡ

ǰ˷׼ʱ򣬷Ŵˣĸˣһʶ ڸ磬꣬ѧУĺϴͦ׳ģ϶֮ġˣǿ ʶ˵Ǵåһǿģһǿ˵ǵͷġһˣôҲû뵽 

ŵɫװխ˿ȹ˵ض̵ȸϥмĵطһ˫ˮ͸ɫͲ˿ ȣ˼Уǳ¡

һ˫žµĵɫ߸ϵЬ޼¶˫ѩ޳ĴȽ ǰϸ׺覴ãԲ˵ϴűĸ߼ˮ͸ɫͲ˿࣬ʹСȵ˿ аĹ⻬ȳƣ˫ɫϸ߸ЬԲĽ׼Ľűĵϸᣬ˼ֱҪ 

ֻ迪˵ˣҰɣҪǮҸڸ˵ǮԺ˵û ֻҪǽˣ˵˵ţڸӱס裬ϵ ţĦǹˮ͸ɫͲ˿ȣӽűСȵȸš

ˮ͸ɫͲ˿˷ܡţڸǰǰһͦǳܵؿ ı棬˫ǰǰťۣխȹȵĲৡһխȹ ½űߡ

ڸ̧Ĵȣ̧һؽȹ𶪹һԣֽ ¼ťۣϾֻһɫ¹ϣ²ѾûխȹסȻֻһ˫ס ޴ȣЩӷϵڿ͸¶ĺ˿֡ڸһѳڿ㣬㣡ſ 죡ɧںڸ֮£ֻкſԼѩ޳Ĵȣڸѵſ֮ ڸӲӲķ̶š

ϲٰɣڸ˵ţһŲļĦţһĦһ߻չʾ ˿ƺۡûٺ١һ޻úڸѹúڸúڸ롣 ˮˣٺ١Ͷ׼ĶСڣ˽ȥǱ˺ˣǱ һơƿڸسţϢҲԽԽ֡ڸǸȷʵֵͬġ

һ±ڸơƿϸļ͵ֱСҪȥ㣡أۣ͡ ͣˣͰɣˬСӣеٴ㣡Ҹ ҸɣɧƣҪȾңţ㡭ͣ£Ҫ ˣںڸشֵһķ񹥻£Ѿ״ˣ Ѿ׷˵ֿһЩ仯ϿԿԭһǿİֿ˫ȣѾ ̱ˣǸ֣軹Ǵȣȼ˵ķţ͵Ĵںڸ ¶ľ޸ϣݷһС죬źڸ缦͵Ľһһϡ豻ڸǿиã оÿڸļͲʱ迪ʼƨһһӭϺڸ硣

ǲǸɵĺˬѽЩϸ΢仯ӹڸ۾ڸЦţڸƨɿٵǰ ڶԼǸ޴⾥Ĵ棬ˮ࣬ڸɵĸؼؼֱ ˣһǿҵԿдӺڸļɢȫںڸ´ڸͷԼͼ ӣúڸӵ˷ܡ

ֻһں۵ƬмٵĲ룬СȻ΢΢¡𣬺ڸľ޸ 嵽΢΢ҪǺڸۼ⻹濴ڸ˷ܵĽţӣС ƽӵļͲ嵽ﶼóڸһУͰǿҲΧǿ ˷ܵı

ڸɿ㣡̲סˣǳСӵ𣬺ڸ粻ǣ ͬⷵЦУڸɵĸˣشϢţţڸ紭Ĺ ţڸļײ

ڸ§סӿײȺٶȣȻһزܸоڸ ļ͵Ķͳ鴤һҲӣ˸սؽţϢš

ڸЦţǸɵˬϰɣ¾Ͳ˰㣡ſڴϣֳ Ŵƨɶң㣡ղſƨɾƨˣǿЦţס ķƨɣӵļ㣡˵Űǿѵǿ㣬¶ѪȵļͣǿļͲ Ǻܴ֣ȴĳУףһɫĶ۵ƨζšܿߡͻ ǰҲͣġҲȥˡ

ǿСϸȼ䣬õǿӲɦѰⶴڡ һᣬֻǿ͵ǰһͦڸȥˡҲͬʱ跢һصСޡ ֻһ͵ش˽òǸղ֡谵˿ɺܿͷˣ ἦͲ࣬Ǹ˻ǰͦ

ǿЦţסϸԼһüӲŰԼ ߡȫ˽ȥٿѾ۵Ǵ죬һεε㺹˳ŴϡͻȻʼǰ ҡǰǿʼˣ

ǿ˫ֽץƬ̵ƨɣԼٵǰڶǸ׳ļ ݺݵײ۵ƨɡǸӲ춥ԼĿˣߡߡมߡ 춷˵ֿ˫ĳŰǿ͵ĳǰڶɢҵͷҲס ı顣

ԱʹĿһеķǿ˫ְڴſţƨľţվڴ± βٸƬαʮָֻסʮָӡĿ 裬ȴ˵ŤƨɣåƼȡ֡ǿһ߸ţһֻ ǰһε鷿

ֻҪһͷľԼǸŰĳߡڳ͵մڵˮ ĺˮǰⷬ󣬾ͺһũ÷ѷǸľ ȥֻ䡱һ֣Ÿ鷿ĳŮ ĶŮǸľϺڣ׵⾥ǿ˷ܵĴٺݺݲ 룬۵ںͺڸֲڼĦĿУͬʱ˵ĺ߽С

費ϵĽдǿļֱ˼ףǿһоͷľͷ񴥵 Ƶģ͵ҡԲƨɣҪҪġңͷˣ𣡡ٽ ˣͣͻȻŤðǿˬĲæ§סƨɣ˶Ц ӣ̣ǲǶӹˣӴСɧƣҴ轿 ŤӼǿҰԵӽöһ߶ݺݵĺУһ߰Ѽ ˳ðİ׽˳ĳļڴϡͻȻǿƨ͵ǰһһ Ͷʱȫûڣͷ׺ݵײӹڣѾ˻ߵļУ Ҫۣͣ£ҡ벻Ҫļ мŴͽǵĻЦֻεĿһеķ

ĿԼԶĴϣһƥĸڴϣֳŴԲƬ ǴͽһڷİѶĴֳ߻Լÿһζ ں۵ⷭһκݲ壬ⷭƬСֱļ͵ȥԼԸ豻 ˮɫճҺԽԽ࣬˳Ĵڲϡ

һ֮ᣬǿеӹѾԽԽˣһͦڸĴͷ춴 ӹССӹܵסǿƹСĹͷ

มฺɡҪˡˡฺ ǿֹͣ˶ٴſڴϣ߽ܽϵ ˮһѰɫľҺ

ǿԼ⾥ߡ˷ܵĳ鴤ӹͷ³дľҺ ǿһɿƨɵ֣һ̲Ƶ̱ڴϣ㺹졪ǿаЦŶ˵ ģӻûṻŮˣˬˣϴ󣡡ϰɣСı̫ ˣǸ缸ٲ飡硰ٺ١ЦߵߣѹԼ¿㣬 ¶ë׵ļⷢ壬ڸĴִ󼦰Ϊ˷ܹ͵ֺϣ߸ߵţһźں ڣѾһ˿ҵ̱ڴϣֻ۸ʵ飬ڸͰǿĺǴͷ ѣȱܵļн⻬ƽ̹СؼƵĴϺİɫҺ¶ Ӵ̼ԭʼ

ԼǸڣȥһ˫Ŀʲᡣݺݵ˵ ӣſ㣡迴Ե˷ܵĶԼ쿿 롪ҡԴĶ֣סСԴǿа찴 Ĺͷϡ

һţǸɧһӴС档

ﱻĹͷ͵ģжвֻܷءĵͷ üͷϷһĨκ죬С챻ŵôģ۵촽ٽ ԼǸִϺɫߺ۽γĶԱȣǿ˷ͣ

ĿˣԼԼԶĵطһüͿڽǸë Լͷȼ䣬ǰͣͦǸֳļԼСٵĳ鶯 ȫǰ᲻ͣİڶֻԼǸͷȵСסʪֹ⻬ һϵС

Լ£СѾļˣڸҪϵľ޴ͷй ɿԴѾ촭ˣ죡ɧֳϣƨɶң㣡 ԣã豻ȽվڵϣϰſԱߵֻ ִ⻬ıεĴӱῴ˳嶯Բƨɣ ЦţϺڣǵƨɣ涼ץӡˣٺ Ҳ̲סɵ̫ˬˣûƨѾˣϺһЦţ ǰһ˿ҵŮ浶ǹǿҪʼˣһںľŮѷİ 𣬡ڿڡ׼壬ĶȥļͺӴһɲǣ忪 ʼ΢΢ķ

ǽӸἤ޵ȻǸһͻȻǰͽĲҽ ޴ļȫ˽ȥٴαԵ͵ģǸߺûκθоƵԾɲͣ һؼһؼһؼһܿվסˣⷢ˫§סС ʱβϵܾԼС

Ѿ˰ǿáڡƼԼˣ˵β ⼸Ϊ֮ÿһСƨɵײᷢġžžڵ ߸ɳꡪ꣡ˮ졣

Ҳ٣Ҳ٣ɧƣӣɧѽĺ й˺һᣬеٶԽԽ죬Ҳʼ΢΢ĶþȫĿ һŮܿҲƮƮɵĸоڸֽץϵ⣬ȫٵͦ

ֺݺݵĴˣ£ƨɶӲСײһƬӡ֨֨ 춷ˣġڡһɹȵľҺ̵ˮһ˳Ŵȸ

ĴͣѾ˵ڴϡ

ţеԼ鷿͵ĺۣǻʹȫ񶼱Ūɢ˼ܣһ Ҳûˡج춽ˣѾԼּһ顭Ž췢һУ 

û뵽ڲŲجεĻӴֱﻹûпʼ߼ ĳ棬úڸͰǿѪţǵĴִ󼦰Ѿˡò׵ȵ˾ ˷ܵϴ跭˸ڸѧˣһƨ͵Ĳ˽ȥ

ǿ㬵죡ǿֻεͦԼǸߡסǧĵСԴ ˽ȥССķʱ˼ӵһĻһϸΡȵſڴϣƨ 治ͣһ˴ƿߣСԴһαסǸ˳ªļ͡ Ұްĺ˷лŮģġءʹҡηĦ 

һֱַɵҹֱҹǲͣ绰ֽǵС һСåСּ̼УǸոϷйڸ Ѿָ˾Ѿû˸о

赱ʱֻ֪جεĿʼ

